Acanthodesmiidae

Belongs within: Nassellaria.

The Acanthodesmiidae are a group of radiolarians known from the Eocene to the present (Afanasieva et al. 2005).

Characters (from Afanasieva et al. 2005): Cephalis or its derivatives present. Differentiation in direction of main heteropolar axis indistinct even in inner skeletons. Spines L developed more weakly than spine D and l. External apophyses, compared with feet formed by spines L absent. Ante- and postcephalic lobes of cephalis developed very strongly. May be developed mitral–galear structures.

<==Acanthodesmiidae [Acanthodesmiacea, Acanthodesmida, Paratympanidae, Trissocyclidae, Tympanida]AA05
    |  i. s.: Tristephanium Haeckel 1881 (n. o.)H04, AA05
    |           `--T. dimensivumH04
    |         Octotympanum Haeckel 1887 (n. o.)H04, AA05
    |           `--O. cervicorneH04
    |         Circotympanum Haeckel 1887H04, AA05
    |           `--C. octogoniumH04
    |         Lithocubus Haeckel 1881H04, AA05
    |           `--L. astragalusH04
    |         Paratympanum Haeckel 1881AA05
    |--Paradictyum Haeckel 1881 [Paradictyinae]AA05
    |    `--P. paradoxumAA05
    |--PerispyridinaeAA05
    |    |--Perispyris Haeckel 1881AA05
    |    |--Tricolospyris Haeckel 1881AA05
    |    |--Lithotympanum Haeckel 1881AA05
    |    |    `--L. tuberosumH04
    |    `--Microcubus Haeckel 1881AA05
    |         `--M. zonariusH04
    |--Circospyridinae [Protympaniinae]AA05
    |    |--Amphispyris Haeckel 1881AA05
    |    |--Archicircus Haeckel 1887AA05
    |    |--Circospyris Haeckel 1881AA05
    |    |--Sphaerospyris Haeckel 1887AA05
    |    |--Spyridobotrys Haeckel 1862AA05
    |    |--Toxarium Haeckel 1887AA05
    |    |--Protympanium Haeckel 1881AA05
    |    |--Lithocircus Müller 1856AA05
    |    |    `--L. magnificusH04
    |    `--Toxidiella Loeblich & Tappan 1961LT61 [=Toxidium Haeckel 1887 non LeConte 1860AA05]
    |         `--*T. cordatum (Haeckel 1887) [=*Toxidium cordatum, Toxarium (*Toxidium) cordatum]LT61
    `--AcanthodesmiinaeAA05
         |--Acrocubus Haeckel 1881AA05
         |--Dipocoronis Haeckel 1881AA05
         |--Eucoronis Haeckel 1881AA05
         |--Tetracubus Haeckel 1887AA05
         |--Tricyclidium Haeckel 1881AA05
         |--Tripocubus Haeckel 1887AA05
         |--Trissocyrcus Haeckel 1881AA05
         |--Tympanomma Haeckel 1887AA05
         |--Zygostephanus Haeckel 1862AA05
         |--Semantis Haeckel 1887AA05
         |    `--S. sigillumH04
         |--Trissocyclus Haeckel 1881 [incl. Trissocircus Haeckel 1881]AA05
         |    `--T. sphaeridiumH04
         |--Tympanidium Haeckel 1881AA05
         |    `--T. foliosumH04
         |--Acanthodesmia Müller 1856AA05
         |    |--A. coronaH04
         |    `--A. vinculataAA05
         `--Tympaniscus Haeckel 1887AA05
              |--T. quadrupesH04
              `--T. tripodiscusH04

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[AA05] Afanasieva, M. S., E. O. Amon, Y. V. Agarkov & D. S. Boltovskoy. 2005. Radiolarians in the geological record. Paleontological Journal 39 (Suppl. 3): S135–S392.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

[LT61] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1961. Remarks on the systematics of the Sarkodina (Protozoa), renamed homonyms and new and validated genera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 213–234.