Belongs within: Arecaceae.
Contains: Caryota.
The Arecoideae is the largest of the generally recognised palm subfamilies, containing about 1100 species. Notable members include the coconut Cocos nucifera, widely grown in tropical regions of the world for their large edible seeds, as well as for fibres from the leaves and fruit. Edible fruit are also produced by the peach palm Bactris gasipaes of South America. The seeds of the betel nut palm Areca catechu are chewed as an intoxicant.
Synapomorphies (from the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website): Hypodermal cells hexagonal, transversely elongate; flowers in triads or in two vertical rows; style branches separate; n = 16.
<==Arecoideae [Caryotoideae]
|--Chamaedorea [Chamaedoreeae]HB09
| |--C. carchensisHB09
| `--C. microcarpaMH98
|--IriarteeaeHB09
| |--Iriartea exerrhizaHB09, DS86
| `--DictyocaryumHB09
|--EuterpeaeHB09
| |--EuterpeZ03
| | |--E. edulisDS86
| | `--E. oleraceaDS04
| `--PrestoeaHB09
| |--P. longepetiolataZ03
| | |--P. l. var. longepetiolataZ03
| | `--P. l. var. cuatrecasasiiZ03
| |--P. montana [incl. Euterpe globosa]J87
| `--P. pubensZ03
|--Cocoseae [Cocoideae, Cocosoideae]HB09
| | i. s.: CocosZ93
| | |--C. coronataG72
| | |--C. nuciferaZ93
| | |--C. plumosa [incl. Arecastrum romazoffianum]G72
| | |--C. romanzoffianaG72
| | `--C. yattaeB88
| | Trichotomosulcites antiquus Krutzsch & Lenk 1969CBH93
| |--BactridinaeHB09
| | |--Aiphanes eggersiiHB09, BBB03
| | `--BactrisHB09
| | |--B. gasipaesZ93
| | `--B. utilisC38
| `--AttaleinaeHB09
| |--VoanioalaHB09
| `--AttaleaHB09
| |--A. butyraceaF11
| |--A. cohuneG69
| |--A. maripaB14
| `--A. phalerataHSS13
`--AreceaeHB09
|--NengaHB09
|--IguanuraHB09
|--ClinostigmaHB09 [incl. CyphokentiaB78]
| `--C. mooreanum [=Kentia mooreana]B78
|--ArecaHB09
| |--A. catechuHB09
| |--A. horridaT-W89
| |--A. malayana [=Pinanga malayana]T-W89
| |--A. normanbyi [=Cocos normanbyi]B78
| `--A. tigillariaT-W89
|--HydriasteleHB09
| |--H. costataHB09
| `--H. wendlandianaB00 [=Kentia wendlandianaB78]
|--Heterospathe [incl. Barkerwebbia Beccari 1905]TB08
| |--H. compsoclada (Burret) Heatubun in Heatubun, Baker et al. 2009 [=Cyrtostachys compsoclada Burret 1936]HB09
| |--H. elegans (Beccari) Beccari 1909 (see below for synonymy)TB08
| | |--H. e. ssp. elegans [incl. H. versteegiana Beccari 1909]TB08
| | `--H. e. ssp. humilis (Beccari) Trudgen & Baker 2008 (see below for synonymy)TB08
| |--H. lepidota Moore 1969TB08
| `--H. pullenii Trudgen & Baker 2008TB08
`--Cyrtostachys Blume 1838 [Cyrtostachydinae]HB09
| i. s.: C. ledermanniana Beccari 1923HB09
|--C. glauca Moore 1966HB09
`--+--*C. renda Blume 1838 (see below for synonymy)HB09
|--C. bakeri Heatubun in Heatubun, Baker et al. 2009HB09
|--C. barbata Heatubun in Heatubun, Baker et al. 2009HB09
|--C. elegans Burret 1937HB09
|--C. excelsa Heatubun in Heatubun, Baker et al. 2009HB09
`--C. loriae Beccari 1905 (see below for synonymy)HB09
Arecoideae incertae sedis:
WettiniaZ03
ReinhardtiaZ03
DypsisZ03
NeonicholsoniaZ03
ArchontophoenixZ03
|--A. alexandraeB00 [=Ptychosperma alexandraeB78]
`--A. cunninghamianaB00 [=Ptychosperma cunninghamiiB78]
Laccospadix australasicaZ03, B00
CalyptrocalyxZ03
Drymophloeus [incl. Coleospadix]Z03
Normanbya normabyiZ03, Z93
AdonidiaZ03
PtychospermaZ03 [incl. SeaforthiaB78]
|--P. bleeseriB00
|--P. elegansZ03 [=Seaforthia elegansB78; incl. P. capitis-yorkiiZ03]
|--P. laccospadixB78
|--P. macarthuriiB00
`--P. singaporensisT-W89
LoxococcusZ03
LemurophoenixZ03
SiphokentiaZ03
GulubiaZ03
PinangaZ03
|--P. kuhliiBBO02
`--P. rumphianaHB09
RhopaloblasteZ03
|--R. ceramica (Miq.) Burret 1928 [=Cyrtostachys ceramica (Miq.) Wendl. in Kerch. 1878]HB09
`--R. ledermannianaHB09
Dictyosperma albumZ03, Z93
ActinorhytisZ03
PhysokentiaZ03
Oncosperma tigillariumZ03, K03
VerschaffeltiaZ03
RoscheriaZ03
PhoenicophoriumZ03
NephrospermumZ03
BeccariophoenixZ03
LytocaryumZ03
PolyandrococosZ03
Syagrus [incl. Rhyticocos]Z03
|--S. coronataB04
`--S. romanzoffianaZ93
Oenocarpus [incl. Jessenia]Z03
|--‘Jessenia’ batanaDS86
`--O. maporaSDK-L03
PtychococcusZ03
|--P. arecinus [=Ptychosperma arecina Beccari 1877]Z03
|--P. lepidotusZ03
`--P. paradoxus [=Drymophloeus paradoxus Scheffer 1876, Ptychosperma paradoxa (Scheffer) Scheffer 1876]Z03
CaryotaZ03
RetimonocolpitesCBH93
|--R. pluribaculatus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978CBH93
`--R. variplicatus Schrank & Mahmoud 1998I02
ArengaCBH93
|--*A. sacchariferaL00 [=Saguerus sacchariferB78]
|--A. australasicaB00 [=Saguerus australasicusB78]
|--A. candataZB03
|--A. listeri Beccari 1891JG19
`--A. undulitifoliaK03
Cyrtostachys loriae Beccari 1905 [incl. C. brassii Burret 1935, C. kisu Beccari 1914, C. microcarpa Burret 1939, C. peekeliana Beccari 1914, C. phanerolepis Burret 1936]HB09
*Cyrtostachys renda Blume 1838 [=Bentinckia renda (Blume) Mart. 1853; incl. Ptychosperma coccinea Teijsm. & Binn. 1866 (n. n.), Areca erythrocarpa Wendl. in Kerch. 1878 (n. n.), A. erythropoda Miq. 1861, Cyrtostachys lakka Becc. 1885, Pinanga purpurea Miq. 1861 (nom. inv.), Pi. rubricaulis Linden 1885 (n. n.), Cyrtostachys lakka var. singaporensis Becc. 1885]HB09
Heterospathe elegans (Beccari) Beccari 1909 [=*Barkerwebbia elegans Beccari 1905, B. elongata (l. c.), Heterospathe elongata (l. c.)]TB08
Heterospathe elegans ssp. humilis (Beccari) Trudgen & Baker 2008 [=H. humilis Beccari 1914, Barkerwebbia humilis (Beccari) Beccari ex Martelli 1935]TB08
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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