Belongs within: Coccinelloidea.
Contains: Serangiini, Sukunahikonini, Diomini, Sticholotidini, Telsimiini, Hyperaspidini, Scymnillini, Chilocorini, Coccidulini, Noviini, Epilachna, Coccinella, Harmonia, Micraspis.
The Coccinellidae include the ladybirds, mostly predatory beetles that feed on aphids and other plant-sucking insects (though some, such as Epilachna, are phytophagous). Though best known from brightly coloured species, many (if not most) coccinellids are not so colorful. The subfamily Microweisinae includes minute coccinellids with antennal insertions close together between the eyes, and the antennae short and clubbed with at most ten segments. Members of the tribe Microweisini have long and geniculate maxillary palps, and the prosternum is usually lobed in some manner in front of the coxae. The remaining coccinellids were classified by Ślipiński (2007) in a single subfamily Coccinellinae which is less clearly supported morphologically. Many of the most familiar ladybirds belong to the tribe Coccinellini, which includes relatively large coccinellids with a glabrous dorsum that usually bears contrasting markings. The Scymnillini are a tribe of small, glabrous, unicolorous ladybirds with short, flattened legs that are received in impressions on the ventral body surface, found in the Americas and Australia (Ślipiński 2007).
Characters (from Lawrence & Britton 1991): Broadly ovate, moderately to strongly convex, with pseudotrimerous tarsi (segment 3 reduced, segment 2 strongly lobed beneath it). Antennae short, weakly clubbed; apical maxillary palp segment almost always large and securiform; femoral lines on first ventrite and sometimes metasternum. Many larger species glabrous and brightly patterned with red or yellow and black or blue; most smally species more uniformly coloured and finely pubescent. Larvae elongate, oblong or occasionally broadly ovate and slightly to strongly flattened, usually with transverse row of six tubercles or prominences on most abdominal segments, often covered with waxy exudate; some forms spinose above, may be aposematically coloured like many adults. Antennae very short; mandibles often with sub-basal lobe which probably represents a reduced mola; mala obtuse and usually with stylus (specialised setiferous process); paired glandular openings on thorax and abdomen; tibia usually with two to several expanded setae extending beneath tarsungulus. Pupa obtect, partly enclosed within larval skin, which is attached to substrate by anal end.
<==Coccinellidae [Clanini, Coelopterini, Epilachnidae, Securipalpes, Sticholotidinae, Sticholotini] |--Microweiseinae [Scotoscymninae]S07 | |--SerangiiniS07 | |--SukunahikoniniS07 | |--CarinodulinaB14 [CarinoduliniS07] | | |--C. burakowskii Ślipiński & Jadwiszczak 1995B14 | | `--C. ruwenzoriiB14 | `--Microweiseini [Pharini]S07 | |--Microweisea Cockerell 1903S07 (see below for synonymy) | |--Diloponis Pope 1962S07 | |--Gnathoweisea Gordon 1970V02 | |--Nipus Casey 1899V02 | |--Hong Ślipiński 2007S07 | | `--*H. glorious Ślipiński 2007S07 | `--Coccidophilus Brethes 1905 [incl. Cryptoweisea Gordon 1970]V02 | |--C. atronitensV02 | `--C. marginataV02 `--Coccinellinae (see below for synonymy)S07 | i. s.: PromecopharusS07 | GhaniusS07 | BoschalisS07 | DiominiS07 | AspidimeriniS07 | SticholotidiniS07 | TelsimiiniS07 | ShirozuelliniS07 | Cryptognathini [Cryptognathaires, Oeneini, Oeniini, Pentiliaires]V02 | |--Cryptognatha Mulsant 1850V02 | | `--C. nodicepsV02 | `--Pentilia Muls. 1851FS90 | `--P. egena Muls. 1851 [incl. P. aeruginosa, P. viridis]FS90 | HyperaspidiniV02 | Azyini [Azyae, Azyaires, Azyinae]S07 | |--Azya Mulsant 1850V02 | | `--A. orbigera Mulsant 1850V02 | `--Pseudoazya Gordon 1980V02 | `--P. trinitatisV02 | ScymnilliniS07 | NeocalviaV02 | Brachiacantha Dejean 1837 (see below for synonymy)V02 | Selvadius Casey 1899 [Selvadiini]V02 |--+--ChilocoriniMW15 | `--+--CocciduliniMW15 | |--NoviiniMW15 | |--Epilachnini [Epilachniens, Epilachninae]S07 | | |--EpilachnaMW15 | | `--Subcoccinella Huber 1842V02 | | `--S. vigintiquatuorpunctataV02 | `--PlatynaspisMW15 [PlatynaspidiniS07] | |--P. cupicola Crotch 1874Go01 | |--P. obscura Gorham 1901Go01 | `--P. rufipennisGo01 `--Coccinellini (see below for synonymy)S07 |--CoccinellaS07 |--Bullaea lichatschoviS07 |--VibidiaS07 |--SeladiaS07 |--HarmoniaMW15 |--Tytthaspis sedecimpunctataS07 |--ElpisS07 |--Cheilomenes lunataS07 |--MicraspisS07 |--SpilonedaVG96 |--CirocollaVG96 |--ParanedaVG96 |--ClynisVG96 |--MononedaVG96 |--ProculaVG96 |--Halyzia exiguenotata Gorham 1901Go01 |--Caria welwitschii Crotch 1874Go01 |--Macronaemia Casey 1899 [incl. Micronaemia Weise 1905]V02 |--Myzia Mulsant 1846 [incl. Mysia Mulsant 1846, Neomysia Casey 1899]V02 |--Mulsantina Weise 1906 [incl. Cleis Mulsant 1850 non Guerin 1831, Pseudocleis Casey 1908]V02 |--Antineda Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982S07 | `--*A. princeps (Mulsant 1850) [=Neda princeps, Archaioneda princeps, Callineda princeps]S07 |--Australoneda Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1984S07 | `--*A. bourgeoisi (Kerville 1884) [=Neda bourgeoisi]S07 |--Cleobora Mulsant 1850 [=Cleodora Mulsant 1850 non Péron & Lesueur 1810]S07 | `--*C. mellyi (Mulsant 1850) [=*Cleodora mellyi, Halyzia mellyi]S07 |--Menochilus Timberlake 1943S07 | `--*M. sexmaculatus (Fabricius 1781) (see below for synonymy)S07 |--Paranaemia Casey 1899V02 | `--P. vittigeraV02 |--Ceratomegilla Crotch 1873 [=Ceratomagilla (l. c.); incl. Spiladelphia Tian-Shanskij & Dobzhansky 1923]V02 | `--C. ulkeiV02 |--Aphidecta Weise 1899 [=Aphideita (l. c.)]V02 | `--A. obliterataV02 |--Calvia Mulsant 1850 [incl. Anisocalvia Crotch 1871, Eocaria Timberlake 1943]V02 | `--C. quatuordecimguttataV02 |--Propylea Mulsant 1846 [=Propylaea (l. c.)]V02 | `--P. quatuordecimpunctataV02 |--Olla Casey 1899V02 | `--O. v-nigrumV02 |--Illeis Mulsant 1850 [=Leptothea Weise 1898]S07 | |--*I. galbula (Mulsant 1850) [=Psyllobora galbula, I. (*Leptothea) galbula]S07 | `--I. flava Pope 1989 [=I. (Leptothea) flava]S07 |--Synona Pope 1989 [=Synia Mulsant 1850 (preoc.)]S07 | |--*S. melanaria (Mulsant 1850) [=*Synia melanaria]S07 | `--S. seminigra (Weise 1902) [=Coelophora seminigra, Lemnia (Synia) seminigra]S07 |--CydoniaGo01 | |--C. circumclusaGo01 | `--C. dorsalisGo01 |--Anatis Mulsant 1846 [incl. Neopalla Chapin 1955, Palla Mulsant 1850 non Hübner 1819, Pelina Mulsant 1850]V02 | |--A. maliV02 | `--A. ocellataC01 |--Neoharmonia Crotch 1871 [incl. Agrabia Casey 1899, Harmoniaspis Casey 1908]V02 | `--N. venustaV02 | |--N. v. venustaV02 | `--N. v. amplaV02 |--Psyllobora Dejean 1836 [incl. Thea Mulsant 1846]V02 | |--P. lineola Fab. 1792 [incl. P. exsanguis, P. fabricii Crotch 1871]FS90 | |--‘Thea’ variegataGo01 | `--P. vigintiduopunctataRD77 |--Cycloneda Crotch 1871 [incl. Coccinellina Timberlake 1943, Daulis Mulsant 1850 non Erichson 1842]V02 | |--C. graphipteraVG96 | |--C. salleiVG96 | `--C. sanguineaPP72 |--Phrynocaria Timberlake 1943 [=Phrynolemnia Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982]S07 | |--*P. congener (Bilberg 1808) [=Coccinella congener, *Phrynolemnia congener]S07 | |--P. astrolabiana (Weise 1902) [=Coelophora astrolabiana]S07 | `--P. gratiosa (Mulsant 1853) (see below for synonymy)S07 |--Spilindolla Vandenberg & Gordon 1996VG96 | |--*S. vigintiduonotata (Mulsant 1850) (see below for synonymy)VG96 | |--S. constellata (Mulsant 1850) [=Egleis constellata]VG96 | `--S. darestei (Mulsant 1866) [=Daulis darestei, Cycloneda darestei]VG96 |--Naemia Mulsant 1850V02 | `--N. seriataV02 | |--N. s. seriataV02 | `--N. s. litigiosaV02 |--Anisosticta Dejean 1837 [=Anisostica (l. c.)]V02 | |--A. bitriangularisV02 | |--A. borealisV02 | `--A. novemdecimpunctataC01 |--Oenopia Mulsant 1850S07 [incl. Gyrocaria Timberlake 1943 S07, Paramulsantina Hoang 1982V96] | |--*O. cinctella Mulsant 1850S07 | |--O. conglobata [incl. Coccinella maculosa]V96 | |--O. guttata (Blackburn 1892) [=Coelophora guttata, *Gyrocaria guttata]S07 | `--O. pusilla (Weise 1906) (see below for synonymy)V96 |--Adalia Mulsant 1846 [=Idalia Mulsant 1846 non Leuckart 1828; incl. Arrowella Brethes 1925]V02 | |--*A. bipunctata (Linnaeus 1758) [=Coccinella bipunctata, *Idalia bipunctata]S07 | |--A. decimpunctataGu01 | |--A. tetraspilotaGu01 | `--A. variegataGu01 |--Coelophora Mulsant 1850 [incl. Lemnia Mulsant 1850, Microcaria Crotch 1871]S07 | |--*C. inaequalis (Fabricius 1775)S07 (see below for synonymy) | |--‘*Lemnia’ fraudulenta Mulsant 1850S07 | |--C. jansoni Crotch 1874 [=Lemnia jansoni, Microcaria jansoni]S07 | `--C. mulsanti (Montrouzier 1861) (see below for synonymy)S07 |--Hippodamia Chevrolat in Dejean 1836S07 [incl. Adonia Mulsant 1846S07, Hemisphaerica Hope 1840V02] | |--*H. tredecimpunctata (Linnaeus 1758) [=Coccinella tredecimpunctata]S07 | |--H. amoena [incl. H. amoena var. scalaris]C01 | |--H. convergens Guérin-Méneville 1842B14 | `--H. variegata (Goeze 1777)S07 (see below for synonymy) |--Coleomegilla Timberlake 1920 [incl. Megilla Mulsant 1850 non Erichson 1804]V02 | `--C. maculata (Degeer 1775)MB93, FS90 [=Megilla maculataFS90; incl. M. limensis Philippi 1864FS90] | |--C. m. maculataV02 | |--C. m. fuscilabrisV02 [=Megilla fuscilabrisFS90] | |--C. m. lengiV02 | `--C. m. strenuaV02 `--Archegleis Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1984S07 |--*A. kingi (Macleay 1826) [=Coccinella kingi]S07 |--A. barronensis (Blackburn 1895) [=Cycloneda barronensis, Lemnia barronensis]S07 |--A. delta (Weise 1898) [=Egleis delta; incl. A. crotchi Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1984]S07 |--A. duplicata (Crotch 1874) [=Callineda duplicata]S07 |--A. edwardsi (Mulsant 1850) [=Egleis edwardsi; incl. E. pascoei Crotch 1874]S07 `--A. interrupta (Weise 1927) [=Egleis interrupta]S07 Coccinellidae incertae sedis: Lasia vigintiquatuorpunctataC01 LioadaliaS07 |--L. flavomaculataS07 `--L. intermedia Crotch 1874Go01 Anisolemnia tetrastictaS07 MonocorynaS07 ErratodiomusS07 DysisGo01 |--D. marshalli Gorham 1901Go01 |--D. orientalis Weise 1900Go01 `--D. rufocincta Gorham 1901Go01 ChilomenesGo01 |--C. geisha Gorham 1901Go01 |--C. lunataGo01 |--C. picticollis Gorham 1901Go01 |--C. quadrilineata [=Cydonia quadrilineata]Go01 `--C. weisei Gorham 1901Go01 ChnootribaGo01 |--C. assimilisGo01 `--C. similis [=Coccinella similis]Go01 OrtaliaGo01 |--O. calliopsGo01 |--O. flaveolaGo01 |--O. maekliniGo01 |--O. pallens [incl. O. guillebeaui]Go01 `--O. variataGo01 Aulis annexaGo01 CyrtaulisGo01 |--C. sellata Gorham 1901Go01 |--C. sexpustulata Gorham 1901Go01 `--C. tristis Gorham 1901Go01 Lotis bipunctiger Gorham 1901Go01 TetrabrachinaeRD77 CoelopterusP92 Neda Muls. 1851FS90 |--N. delauneyi Fleutiaux & Sallé 1890FS90 |--N. sanguinea Linné 1763 (see below for synonymy)FS90 `--N. viridulaFS90 Azia Muls. 1851FS90 `--A. ardosiaca Muls. 1853FS90 LithophilusV02 OrtalistesV02 Cephaloscymnus Crotch 1873 [Cephaloscymnini]V02 ChilochrusR26 |--C. lunatusR26 |--C. olivaeR26 `--C. quinquepustulatusR26
Brachiacantha Dejean 1837 [=Brachyacantha Chevrolat 1842; Brachiacanthadini, Brachiacanthini, Brachyacanthadini, Brachyacanthaires]V02
Coccinellinae [Aphidiphages, Chilocorinae, Coccidulinae, Coccinelliti, Gymnosomides, Scymniens, Scymnini, Trichosomides]S07
Coccinellini [Adoniates, Alesiaires, Aliziarii, Anisostictini, Cariaires, Cariites, Coccinellaires, Coccinellates, Coccinelliens, Coccinellides, Coccinellina, Coccinellites, Coelophoraires, Cydoniaires, Cydoniinae, Discotomini, Halyziaires, Halyziates, Halyziides, Halyziini, Hippodamiaires, Hippodamiidae, Hippodamiina, Hippodamiini, Hippodamiites, Micraspaires, Micraspidarii, Mysiates, Psylloborini, Singhikalini, Synonychina, Synonychinae, Synonychini, Tytthaspides, Tytthaspidini]S07
*Coelophora inaequalis (Fabricius 1775)S07 [=Coccinella inaequalisS07; incl. Coe. mastersi Blackburn 1892S07, Coc. novemmaculata Fabricius 1781S07, Coc. novempunctata Fabricius 1775S07, Coc. undecimnotata var. novempunctataC01, Coc. religiosa Lea 1902S07, Coelophora ripponi Crotch 1874S07, Coe. veranioides Blackburn 1894S07]
Coelophora mulsanti (Montrouzier 1861) [=Coccinella (Daulis) mulsanti, Lemnia mulsanti, *Microcaria mulsanti; incl. Coelophora ochracea Mulsant 1866, Coe. mulsanti var. ochracea]S07
Hippodamia variegata (Goeze 1777)S07 [=Coccinella variegataS07, H. (Adonia) variegataS07; incl. H. variegata var. carpiniC01, C. mutabilis Scriba 1791S07, *Adonia mutabilisS07, Hippodamia variegata var. neglectaC01]
*Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius 1781) [=Coccinella sexmaculata, Cheilomenes sexmaculata; incl. Ch. sexmaculata var. australis Weise 1908, Orcus mollipes Oliff 1895, Coccinella quadriplagiata Schönherr 1808, Cheilomenes quadriplagiata, Menochilus quadriplagiatus]S07
Microweisea Cockerell 1903S07 [=Epismilia Cockerell 1900 non Fromental 1861V02, Smilia Weise 1891 non Germar 1833V02; incl. Pseudoweisea Schwarz 1904V02]
Neda sanguinea Linné 1763 [incl. N. cicura, N. immaculata, M. sanguinea var. minor, N. munda, N. polonica, N. steini]FS90
Oenopia pusilla (Weise 1906) [=Cycloneda pusilla; incl. Coelophora parvula Sicard 1912, Gyrocaria parvula, Oenopia parvula]V96
Phrynocaria gratiosa (Mulsant 1853) [=Coelophora gratiosa, Lemnia (Phrynocaria) gratiosa; incl. C. elegans Crotch 1874, Phrynocaria gratiosa var. flavoguttata Timberlake 1943, P. gratiosa var. koebelei Timberlake 1943, P. gratiosa var. nigrocincta Timberlake 1943, Coelophora nigrovittata Blackburn 1895, P. gratiosa var. nigrovittata, P. gratiosa var. palens Timberlake 1943]S07
*Spilindolla vigintiduonotata (Mulsant 1850) [=Daulis vigintiduonotata, Cycloneda vigintiduonotata, Leis vigintiduonotata]VG96
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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