Cranichideae

Belongs within: Orchidoideae.
Contains: Spiranthinae.

The Cranichideae are a group of orchids characterised by the presence of specialised amyloplasts in the roots called spiranthosomes, together with distinguishable subsidiary cells in the leaf epidermis and type III/type IV thickenings in the anther endothecium (Freudenstein & Rasmussen 1999).

<==Cranichideae [Spiranthoideae]
    |  i. s.: Pachyplectron [Pachyplectroninae]A86
    |--GomphichisRG07
    `--+--+--AltensteiniaRG07
       |  |--Galeottiella Schlechter 1920 [Galeottiellinae]SCSA02
       |  |    `--*G. sarcoglossa (see below for synonymy)SCSA02
       |  `--+--ManniellaFR99 [ManniellinaeSCSA02]
       |     |--PrescottiaA86 [PrescottiinaeSCSA02]
       |     |--SpiranthinaeSCSA02
       |     `--CranichidinaeSCSA02
       |          |--Cranichis muscosaRG07
       |          |--Fuertesiella pterichoidesRG07
       |          |--Ponthieva racemosaRG07
       |          |--Pterichis multifloraRG07
       |          |--AaA86
       |          |--BaskervilleaA86
       |          |--CoilostylisA86
       |          |--MyrosmodesA86
       |          |--PorphyrostachysA86
       |          |--PseudocentrumA86
       |          |--SolenocentrumA86
       |          `--StenopteraA86
       `--GoodyerinaeRG07
            |  i. s.: Zeuxine gracilis (Breda) Bl. 1858RG07, SBY02 (see below for synonymy)
            |         Meliorchis Ramírez, Gravendeel et al. 2007RG07
            |           `--*M. caribea Ramírez, Gravendeel et al. 2007RG07
            |         KreodanthusRG07
            |           |--K. casillasiiRG07
            |           `--K. crispifoliusRG07
            |         Microchilus plantagineusRG07
            |         Aspidogyne multifoliataRG07
            |         Ligeophila jurvenensisRG07
            |         Stephanothelys xystophylloidesRG07
            |         AnoectochilusA86
            |         ChamaegastrodiaA86
            |         CheirostylisA86
            |           |--C. chinensisBP05
            |           |    |--C. c. var. chinensisBP05
            |           |    `--C. c. var. glabra Bhaumik & Pathak 2005BP05
            |           `--C. grandifloraMB97
            |         CystorchisA86
            |         DicerostylisA86
            |         ErythrodesA86
            |         EucosiaA86
            |         EurycentrumA86
            |         EvrardiaA86
            |         GonatostylisA86
            |         HerpysmaA86
            |         KuhlhasseltiaA86
            |         LepidogyneA86
            |         Macodes petolaA86, P03
            |         MoerenhoutiaA86
            |         MyrmechisA86
            |         PapuaeaA86
            |         PlatylepisA86
            |         PristiglottisA86
            |         TubilabiumA86
            |         Vrydagzynea albidaA86, P03
            |--PlatyplectronRG07
            `--+--+--LudisiaRG07
               |  `--DossiniaRG07
               `--+--Platythelis querceticolaRG07
                  `--GoodyeraRG07
                       |--G. brachycerasRG07
                       |--G. colorataP03
                       |--G. fuscaO88
                       |--G. oblongifoliaH93
                       |--G. pubescensV72
                       |--G. repensO88
                       |    |--G. r. var. repensV72
                       |    `--G. r. var. ophioidesV72
                       |--G. rubens-grandisP03
                       |--G. striataRG07
                       `--G. tesselataV72

*Galeottiella sarcoglossa (Richard & Galeotti) Schlechter 1920 [=Spiranthes sarcoglossa, Brachystele sarcoglossa, Microthelys sarcoglossa]^SCSA02

Zeuxine gracilis (Breda) Bl. 1858^{RG07, SBY02} [=Psychechilos gracile Breda 1827^SBY02; incl. Monochilus affine Lindley 1840^SBY02, Zeuxine affinis Bentham ex Hooker 1890^SBY02, Z. blatteri Fischer in Gamble 1928^SBY02]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A86] Atwood, J. T. 1986. The size of the Orchidaceae and the systematic distribution of epiphytic orchids. Selbyana 9: 171–186.

[BP05] Bhaumik, M., & M. K. Pathak. 2005. A new variety of Cheirostylis chinensis Rolfe var. glabra (Orchidaceae) from Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47: 183–184.

[FR99] Freudenstein, J. V., & F. N. Rasmussen. 1999. What does morphology tell us about orchid relationships?—a cladistic analysis. American Journal of Botany 86: 225–248.

[H93] Hickman, J. C. (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. University of California Press: Berkeley (California).

[MB97] Maiden, J. H., & E. Betche. 1897. On a new species of Macadamia, together with notes on two plants new to the colony. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 21 (4): 624–627.

[O88] Ohba, H. 1988. The alpine flora of the Nepal Himalayas: an introductory note. In: Ohba, H., & S. B. Malla (eds) The Himalayan Plants vol. 1. The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Bulletin 31: 19–46.

[P03] Partomihardjo, T. 2003. Colonisation of orchids on the Krakatau Islands. Telopea 10 (1): 299–310.

[P05] Pinder, A. M. 2005. A review of biodiversity in wetlands with organic sediments on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia, with an emphasis on aquatic invertebrates. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (3): 129–132.

[RG07] Ramírez, S. R., B. Gravendeel, R. B. Singer, C. R. Marshall & N. E. Pierce. 2007. Dating the origin of the Orchidaceae from a fossil orchid with its pollinator. Nature 448: 1042–1045.

[SCSA02] Salazar, G. A., M. W. Chase & M. A. Soto Arenas. 2002. Galeottiellinae, a new subtribe and other nomenclatural changes in Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae: Cranichideae). Lindleyana 17 (3): 172–176.

[SBY02] Sardesai, M. M., M. P. Bachulkar & S. R. Yadav. 2002. Additions to the orchid flora of Maharashtra. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 99 (3): 564–566.

[V72] Voss, E. G. 1972. Michigan Flora. Part I. Gymnosperms and Monocots. Cranbrook Institute of Science and University of Michigan Herbarium.