Diapsida

Belongs within: Reptilia.
Contains: Neodiapsida.

The Diapsida are the clade containing the majority of, if not all, living reptiles (depending on the position of the turtles). The name of the clade represents to its defining feature, the presence of two temporal fenestrae in the skull. The earliest diapsids include the Araeoscelidia, a group of superficially lizard-like reptiles known from the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian.

Synapomorphies (from Evans 1988): Upper temporal, suborbital and lower temporal fenestrae all present; cervical vertebrae longer than mid-dorsals.

<==Diapsida [Protorosauria]
    |  i. s.: Rhabdopelix Cope 1899W91
    |         DaedalosaurusW91
    |         Colubrifer Carroll 1982E88, D07
    |           `--C. campiD07
    |         Sphodrosaurus pennsylvanicus Colbert 1960B93
    |--AraeoscelidiaE88
    |    |  i. s.: KadaliosaurusE88
    |    |--AphelosaurusE88
    |    `--+--Petrolacosaurus Lane 1945S04, E88 [Petrolacosauridae]
    |       |    `--P. kansensis Lane 1945RCQ03
    |       `--AraeoscelididaeB93
    |            |--Zarcosaurus Brinkman et al. 1984B93, E88
    |            |    `--Z. tanyderus Brinkman et al. 1984B93
    |            `--Araeoscelis Williston 1913E88, D07
    |                 |--A. caseiD07
    |                 `--A. gracilis Williston 1910B93
    `--Eosuchia [Holaspida]S04
         |  i. s.: KudnuE88
         |         Apsisaurus witteri Laurin 1991B93
         |--+--Heleosaurus [Heleosauridae]E88
         |  |    `--H. scholtzi Broom 1907B93
         |  |--Galesphyrus [Galesphyridae]E88
         |  |    `--G. capensis Broom 1914B93
         |  `--+--BlomosaurusE88
         |     `--NeodiapsidaS04
         `--AvicephalaS04
              |--+--Longisquama Sharov 1971S04, W91
              |  |    `--L. insignis Sharov 1970B93
              |  `--WeigeltisauridaeB93
              |       |--Wapitisaurus problematicus Brinkman 1988B93
              |       `--Coelurosauravus Piveteau 1926S04, E88 (see below for synonymy)
              |            `--C. jaekeli (Weigelt 1930)S04, B93 [=Weigeltisaurus jaekeliB93]
              `--SimiosauriaS04
                   |--Hypuronector Colbert & Olsen 2001S04, D07
                   |    `--H. limnaiosS04
                   `--DrepanosauridaeS04
                        |--Drepanosaurus Pinna 1979S04, D07
                        |    `--D. unguicaudatus Pinna 1980B93
                        `--+--Dolabrosaurus aquatilisS04
                           `--Megalancosaurus Calzavara, Muscio & Wild 1980S04, E88
                                `--M. preonensis Calzavara et al. 1980B93

Coelurosauravus Piveteau 1926^{S04, E88} [incl. Gracilisaurus^E88, Palaeochamaeleo Weigelt 1930^E88, Weigeltisaurus^E88]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[B93] Benton, M. J. 1993. Reptilia. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 681–715. Chapman & Hall: London.

[D07] Dixon, D. 2007. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures. Hermes House: London.

[E88] Evans, S. E. 1988. The early history and relationships of the Diapsida. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods vol. 1. Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds pp. 221–260. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

[RCQ03] Ruta, M., M. I. Coates & D. L. J. Quicke. 2003. Early tetrapod relationships revisited. Biological Reviews 78: 251–345.

[S04] Senter, P. 2004. Phylogeny of Drepanosauridae (Reptilia: Diapsida). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2: 257–268.

[W91] Wellnhofer, P. 1991. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs. Salamander Books: London (reprinted: 2000. In: Norman, D., & P. Wellnhofer.The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs. Salamander Books).