Entactiniidae

Belongs within: Entactinaria.
Contains: Sphaerellata, Bientactinosphaera.

The Entactiniidae are a group of radiolarians known from the Cambrian to the Triassic, in which the inner frame is in the shape of a six-rayed spicule, and rays are connected to six external three-bladed, less commonly rod-like main spines (Afanasieva et al. 2005).

<==EntactiniidaeAA05
    |--EntactiniinaeAA05
    |    |--Altaiesphaera Obut & Iwata 2000AA05
    |    |--Apophysisphaera Won 1997AA05
    |    |--‘Archaeocenosphaera’ Obut & Iwata 2000 non Pessagno & Yang in Pessagno et al. 1989AA05
    |    |--Futobari Furutani 1990AA05
    |    |--Borisella Afanasieva 2000AA05
    |    |    |--B. bykovaeAA05
    |    |    |--B. invisitataAA05
    |    |    |--B. maksimovaeAA05
    |    |    |--B. mariaeAA05
    |    |    `--B. pantosomphaAA05
    |    `--Entactinia Foreman 1963AA05
    |         |--E. bifidaAA05
    |         |--E. diversitaAA05
    |         |--E. herculeaAA05
    |         |--E. miculaAA05
    |         |--E. parvaAA05
    |         |--E. paulaAA05
    |         `--E. pycnocladaAA05
    `--+--SphaerellataAA05
       |--ThecentactiniinaeAA05
       |    |--Thecentactinia Nazarov 1975AA05
       |    |--Belowea Won 1983AA05
       |    |--Cyclocarpus Li & Wang 1991AA05
       |    `--Duplexia Won 1983AA05
       |         |--D. biexosphaeraAA05
       |         `--D. spinocurvaAA05
       |--HexalonchataAA05
       |    |--KungalariidaeAA05
       |    |    |--Cachecreekaria Dumitrica & Carter 1999AA05
       |    |    |--Kungalaria Dumitrica & Carter 1999AA05
       |    |    `--Transylvanaria Dumitrica & Carter 1999AA05
       |    `--HexalonchidaeAA05
       |         |--Hexalonche Haeckel 1881AA05
       |         |--Hollandosphaera Deflandre 1973AA05
       |         |--‘Nanina’ Kozur & Mostler 1982 nec Risso 1826 nec Gray 1834AA05
       |         |--Tetrapetalon Hollande & Enjumet 1960AA05
       |         |--Anomalosoma Loeblich & Tappan 1961LT61 [=Heterosoma Mast 1910 nec Schaum 1845 nec Bernhauer 1903AA05]
       |         |    `--*A. heptacanthum (Mast 1910) [=*Heterosoma heptacanthum]LT61
       |         `--Hexacontium Haeckel 1881 [incl. Hexadrymium Haeckel 1882]AA05
       |              |--H. drymodesAA05
       |              |--H. enthacantum Jørgensen 1900BC98
       |              |--H. hostile Cleve 1900BC98
       |              `--H. pachydermum Jørgensen 1900BC98
       `--BientactinosphaerinaeAA05
            |--BientactinosphaeraAA05
            |--Hindeosphaera Kozur & Mostler 1979AA05
            |--Muelleritortis Kozur 1988AA05
            |--Mulderella Kozur & Mostler 1981AA05
            |--Palaeoactinosphaera Noble 1994AA05
            |--Parasepsagon Dumitrica, Kozur & Mostler 1980AA05
            |--Pseudostylosphaera Kozur & Mostler 1981AA05
            |--Sepsagon Dumitrica, Kozur & Mostler 1980AA05
            |--Tritortis Kozur 1988AA05
            |--Radiobisphaera Won 1997AA05
            |    |--R. assideraAA05
            |    |--R. domanicensisAA05
            |    `--R. menneriAA05
            `--Ornatoentactinia Afanasieva 2000AA05
                 |--O. agarkoviAA05
                 |--O. beljaevorumAA05
                 |--O. klevtsovaeAA05
                 |--O. solitaAA05
                 |--O. spartaciAA05
                 `--O. spinisicaAA05

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[AA05] Afanasieva, M. S., E. O. Amon, Y. V. Agarkov & D. S. Boltovskoy. 2005. Radiolarians in the geological record. Paleontological Journal 39 (Suppl. 3): S135–S392.

[BC98] Bjørklund, K. R., G. Cortese, N. Swanberg & H. J. Schrader. 1998. Radiolarian faunal provinces in surface sediments of the Greenland, Iceland and Norwegian (GIN) Seas. Marine Micropalaeontology 35: 105–140.

[LT61] Loeblich, A. R., Jr & H. Tappan. 1961. Remarks on the systematics of the Sarkodina (Protozoa), renamed homonyms and new and validated genera. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 74: 213–234.