Eutherapsida

Reconstruction of Ulemosaurus svijagensis, copyright Dmitry Bogdanov.

Belongs within: Therapsida.
Contains: Dicynodontia, Cynodontia.

The Eutherapsida are the clade of synapsids uniting modern mammals with the Permian Dinocephalia. Members of the clade are characterised by a bowing of the zygomatic arch and increase in size of the temporal fenestra, together with loss of the olecranon ulnae and reduction of the fifth pedal digit to three phalanges.

<==Eutherapsida [Anomodontia, Cryptodontia] S03
|  i. s.: Theriognathus Broom 1920 C07, D07
|           `–T. microps D07
|         Endothiodon [Endothiodontia] C07
|         Dromasauria R61
|           |–Galeops R61
|           |–Galechirus R61
|           `–Galepus R61
|–+–Dicynodontia S03
|  `–Theriodontia [Therosauria] S03
|       |  i. s.: Binaralia C07
|       |           |–Lycosaurus C07
|       |           `–Tigrisuchus C07
|       |         Inostrancevia [Inostranceviidae] C07
|       |           |–I. annae C07
|       |           `–I. uralensis Tatarinov 1974 TT05
|       |         Ericiolacerta Watson 1931 [Ericiolacertidae] D07
|       |           `–E. parva D07
|       |–Gorgonops C07 [Gennetotheria, Gorgonopsia S03, Tectinaralia]
|       `–Eutheriodontia HK01
|            |–Cynodontia S03
|            `–Therocephalia S03
|                 |  i. s.: Lycosuchus HK01
|                 |         Promoschorhynchus S03
|                 |–Bauria HK01 [Bauriamorpha, Baurioidea K88]
|                 `–Whaitsiidae K88
`–Dinocephalia S03
|  i. s.: Rhopalodon TT05
|         Sinophoneus Cheng & Ji 1996 CL97
|         Microsyodon orlovi CL97
|         Estemmenosuchus Tchudinov 1960 D07 [Estemmenosuchidae TT05]
|           |–E. mirabilis D07
|           `–E. uralensis D07
|–Stenocybus Cheng & Li 1997 [Stenocybusidae] CL97
|    `–*S. acidentatus Cheng & Li 1997 CL97
`–+–Tapinocephalidae [Tapinocephalia, Tretospondylia] CL97
|    |–Tapinocephalus C07
|    `–Ulemosaurus Rjabinin 1938 TT05, D07
|         |–U. gigas TT05
|         `–U. svijagensis D07
`–Anteosauridae [Anteosauria] CL97
|–Titanophoneus adamanteus (Orlov 1958) CL97, TT05
|–Deuterosaurus jubilaei (von Nopcsa 1928) TT05
|–Syodon CL97
|–Australosyodon CL97
`–Anteosaurus Watson 1921 D07
`–A. magnificus D07

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[C07] Case, E. C. 1907. Revision of the Pelycosauria of North America. Carnegie Institute of Washington Publication 55: 1–176, 35 pls.

[CL97] Cheng Z. & Li J. 1997. A new genus of primitive dinocephalian—the third report on Late Permian Dashankou lower tetrapod fauna. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 35 (1): 35–43.

[D07] Dixon, D. 2007. The Complete Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs & Prehistoric Creatures. Hermes House: London.

[HK01] Hopson, J. A., & J. W. Kitching. 2001. A probainognathian cynodont from South Africa and the phylogeny of nonmammalian cynodonts. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 156 (1): 5–35.

[K88] Kemp, T. S. 1988. Interrelationships of the Synapsida. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods vol. 2. Mammals pp. 1–22. Clarendon Press: Oxford.

[R61] Romer, A. S. 1961. Synapsid evolution and dentition. In: Vandebroek, G. (ed.) International Colloquium on the Evolution of Lower and Non Specialized Mammals. Koninklijke Vlaames Academie voor Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten van Belgie—Klasse der Wetenschapen 1961 (1): 9–56.

[S03] Sidor, C. A. 2003. The naris and palate of Lycaenodon longiceps (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia), with comments on their early evolution in the Therapsida. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 977–984.

[TT05] Tverdokhlebov, V. P., G. I. Tverdokhlebova, A. V. Minikh, M. V. Surkov & M. J. Benton. 2005. Upper Permian vertebrates and their sedimentological context in the South Urals, Russia. Earth-Science Reviews 69: 27–77.

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