Belongs within: Curculionidae.
Contains: Hylesinini, Hylurgini, Hylurgops, Polygraphini, Crypturgini, Hypoborini, Dryocoetini, Xyleborini, Ipini, Corthylini, Xyloctonini, Cryphalus.
The name Hylesininae is available for a clade of bark beetles usually classified in recent years within the subfamily Scolytinae but suggested to be distinct by recent molecular phylogenies (e.g. Mugu et al. 2018).
Subgroups include the Cryphalina, characterised by a scale-like vestiture and strongly flattened antennal clubs on which the sutures on the posterior face are strongly procurved and restricted to the apical half (Rabaglia in Anderson 2002). Within Cryphalina, Scolytogenes are monogamous bark beetles that mostly bore in the stems of lianas (Wood 1986). Hypothenemus species are primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions around the world; members of this genus are consanguineously polygynous and myelophagous, phloeophagous or spermophagous (Wood 1986). The coffee borer beetle Hypothenemus hampei is one of the most significant pests of coffee crops, boring into berries and constructing galleries in the endosperm.
The Hylastini are monogamous bark beetles breeding in conifers, native to the Northern Hemisphere (Wood 1986).
<==Hylesininae [Hylurgidae]W86
|--+--HylesininiGC-P14
| `--+--HylurginiMPJ18
| `--Hylastini [Hylastinides]GC-P14
| |--HylurgopsA02
| |--Scierus LeConte 1876A02
| | `--*S. annectensW86
| `--Hylastes Erichson 1836M94
| |--*H. ater (Paykull 1800) [=Bostrichus ater, Hylesinus ater]M94
| |--H. brunneusRW02
| |--H. cuniculariusRW02
| |--H. glabratusC01
| |--H. nigrinusW86
| `--H. opacus Erichson 1836A02
`--+--+--PolygraphiniGC-P14
| `--CrypturginiGC-P14
`--+--+--HypoboriniGC-P14
| `--+--+--DryocoetiniMPJ18
| | `--XyleboriniGC-P14
| `--+--IpiniGC-P14
| `--Premnobius Eichhoff 1878W86 [incl. Premnophilus Browne 1962W86; PremnobiiniGC-P14]
| |--*P. cavipennis Eichhoff 1878W86, A02
| `--P. joveri [=Xyleborus joveri, *Premnophilus joveri]W86
`--+--CorthyliniGC-P14
`--+--XyloctoniniGC-P14
`--Cryphalina [Cryphalini, Cryphaloidea]A02
|--CryphalusGC-P14
|--Trischidias Hopkins 1915A02
| `--*T. georgiaeW86
|--Trypophloeus Fairmaire 1868 (see below for synonymy)A02
| |--*T. binodulus [=Bostrichus binodulus, *Glyptoderus binodulus]W86
| `--T. populi [=Cryphalus populi]W86
|--Procryphalus Hopkins 1915A02
| |--P. mucronatus [=Cryphalus mucronatus; incl. *P. populi]W86
| `--P. utahensisW86
|--Cryptocarenus Eggers 1937 [incl. Tachyderes Blackman 1943]A02
| |--*C. diadematusW86
| `--C. seriatus [incl. *Tachyderes floridensis]W86
|--Hypocryphalus Hopkins 1915 [incl. Dacryphalus Hopkins 1915]A02
| |--*H. rotundusW86
| |--H. mangiferae (Stebbing 1914)A02
| `--H. obesus [=*Dacryphalus obesus]W86
|--Ernoporicus Berger 1917 [incl. Eocryphalus Kurenzov 1941, Ernopocerus Balachowsky 1949]A02
| |--*E. spessivtzeviW86
| |--E. caucasicus [=Ernoporus caucasicus, *Ernopocerus caucasicus]W86
| |--E. kanawhae Hopkins 1915A02
| `--E. semenovi [=*Eocryphalus semenovi]W86
|--Scolytogenes Eichhoff 1878A02 (see below for synonymy)
| |--*S. darwiniW86
| |--‘Scolytodes’ afer [=*Cryphalophilus afer]W86
| |--S. aspericollis [=*Lepicerus aspericollis, *Lepicerinus aspericollis]W86
| |--S. ater [=*Negritus ater]W86
| |--S. communis [=*Cryphalomorphus communis]W86
| |--S. jalapae [=Bostrichus jalapae, *Letznerella jalapae]W86
| |--S. knabi (Hopkins 1915)A02 (see below for synonymy)
| |--S. papuanus [=*Xylocryptus papuanus]W86
| |--S. parvus [=*Hypothenoides parvus]W86
| |--S. squamulosus [=*Cylindrotomicus squamulosus]W86
| `--S. usagaricus [=*Neocryphalus usagaricus]W86
`--Hypothenemus Westwood 1836A02 (see below for synonymy)
|--*H. eruditus [incl. Stephanoderes ehlersii, *Homoeocryphalus ehlersii]W86
|--H. aterrimus [=*Lepiceroides aterrimus]W86
|--H. concolor [=*Stylotentus concolor]W86
|--H. cryphaloides [=*Triarmocerus cryphaloides]W86
|--H. deprecator [=*Pachynoderes deprecator]W86
|--H. dissimilis [=Crypturgus dissimilis, Stephanoderes dissimilis; incl. *S. chapuisii]W86
|--H. elaphus [=Stephanoderes elaphus; incl. *Adiaeretus spinosus]W86
|--H. hampei (Ferrari 1867)B14
|--H. insularis Perkins 1900A-Z05
|--H. insularum Krivolutskaya 1968 [=H. krivolutskayae Wood 1992]A-Z05
|--H. magnus [=Stephanoderes magnus, *Chondronoderes magnus]W86
|--H. natalensis [=*Archeophalus natalensis]W86
|--H. obscurusB14
|--‘Stephanoderes’ setosus Eichh. 1867FS90
`--H. sundaensis [=Stephanoderes sundaensis; incl. *Ernophloeus costalimai]W86
Nomen nudum: *Epsips sylvarumW86
Hypothenemus Westwood 1836A02 [incl. Adiaeretus Hagedorn 1909W86, Archeophalus Schedl 1941W86, Chondronoderes Schedl 1940W86, Epsips Beeson 1941 (n. n.)W86, Ernophloeus Nunberg 1958W86, Homoeocryphalus Lindemann 1876W86, Lepiceroides Schedl 1957W86, Macrocryphalus Nobuchi 1981A02, Pachynoderus Schedl 1941A02, Stephanoderes Eichhoff 1872W86, Stylotentus Schedl 1939W86, Triarmocerus Eichhoff 1878A02]
Scolytogenes Eichhoff 1878A02 [incl. Cryphalomorphus Schaufuss 1891A02, Cryphalophilus Schedl 1970A02, Cylindrotomicus Eggers 1936W86, Ernoporides Hopkins 1915W86, Hypothenoides Hopkins 1915W86, Lepicerinus Hinton 1936W86, Lepicerus Eichhoff 1878W86, Letznerella Reitter 1913W86, Negritus Eggers 1923W86, Neocryphalus Eggers 1922W86, Xylocryptus Schedl 1975W86]
Scolytogenes knabi (Hopkins 1915)A02 [=Ernoporides knabiW86, Cryphalomorphus knabiW86; incl. *E. floridensisW86]
Trypophloeus Fairmaire 1868 [=Glyptoderus Eichhoff 1878 non LaFerté Sénectère 1851; Trypophloeinae]A02
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[A-Z05] Alonso-Zarazaga, M. A. 2005. Hypothenemus krivolutskayae Wood, 1992, an unnecessary replacement name (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Graellsia 61 (2): 259.
[A02] Anderson, R. S. 2002. Curculionidae Latreille 1802. In: Arnett, R. H., Jr, M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley & J. H. Frank (eds) American Beetles vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea pp. 722–815. CRC Press.
[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature’s gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).
[C01] Csiki, E. 1901. Bogarak [Coleopteren]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 75–120. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.
[FS90] Fleutiaux, E., & A. Sallé. 1890. Liste des coléoptères de la Guadeloupe et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6e série 9: 351–484.
[GC-P14] Gillett, C. P. D. T., A. Crampton-Platt, M. J. T. N. Timmermans, B. H. Jordal, B. C. Emerson & A. P. Vogler. 2014. Bulk de novo mitogenome assembly from pooled total DNA elucidates the phylogeny of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Molecular Biology and Evolution 31 (8): 2223–2237.
[M94] May, B. M. 1994. An introduction to the immature stages of Australian Curculionoidea. In: Zimmerman, E. C. Australian Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) vol. 2. Brentidae, Eurhynchidae, Apionidae and a chapter on immature stages by Brenda May pp. 365–728. CSIRO Australia.
[MPJ18] Mugu, S., D. Pistone & B. H. Jordal. 2018. New molecular markers resolve the phylogenetic position of the enigmatic wood-boring weevils Platypodinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny 76 (1): 45–58.
[RW02] Reay, S. D., & P. J. Walsh. 2002. Relative attractiveness of some volatiles to the introduced pine bark beetles, Hylastes ater and Hylurgus ligniperda (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). New Zealand Entomologist 25: 51–56.
[W86] Wood, S. L. 1986. A reclassification of the genera of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 10: 1–126.