Ixoroideae

Belongs within: Rubiaceae.
Contains: Gardenieae.

The Ixoroideae as recognised herein represent a clade supported by molecular analyses but for which morphological synapomorphies have not yet been identified. A more restricted subclade, containing the genera Ixora and Gardenia, is characterised by contorted aestivation and a stylar pollen presentation (Bremer et al. 1999). Members include the genus Coffea, shrubs and small trees native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia, of which some species are cultivated for their seeds which are used to make coffee.

<==Ixoroideae
    |  i. s.: Virectaria [Virectarieae]BM00
    |           `--V. majorBM00
    |         Mussaendopsis beccarianaRB01
    |         Diocodendron dioicumSK02
    |--+--Calycophyllum candidissimumRB01
    |  |--AlseisBJ99
    |  |--Emmenopterys henryiBJ99
    |  |--PentagoniaBJ99
    |  |    |--P. donnell-smithiiOV97
    |  |    `--P. macrophyllaBJ99
    |  |--Rustia splendensBJ99
    |  |--Simira viridifloraBJ99
    |  |--Capirona decorticansBJ99
    |  |--CondamineeaeBJ99
    |  |    |--Condaminea corymbosaBJ99
    |  |    |--Pinckneya pubensB96, BJ99
    |  |    `--Pogonopus speciosusB96, BJ99
    |  `--+--Warszewiczia cordataBJ99
    |     `--ChimarrhisBJ99
    |          |--C. cymosaSWK87
    |          `--C. hookeriBJ99
    `--+--+--Pseudomussaenda flavaBJ99
       |  `--IsertieaeBJ99
       |       |--IsertiaBJ99
       |       |    |--I. laevisBJ99
       |       |    `--I. pittieriBJ99
       |       `--MussaendaBJ99
       |            |--M. arcuataBJ99
       |            |--M. erythrophyllaBJ99
       |            |--M. flavaP88
       |            |--M. frondosaP88
       |            |    |--M. f. var. frondosaP88
       |            |    `--M. f. var. glabraP88
       |            |--M. mutabilisP88
       |            `--M. philippicaP88
       `--+--+--Scyphiphora hydrophylacea Gaertner 1806BJ99, HS14
          |  `--+--Vangueria [Vanguerieae]RB01
          |     |    `--V. madagascariensisRB01
          |     `--PavetteaeB96
          |          |--ParacephaelisRB01
          |          |--PavettaBJ99
          |          |    |--P. abyssinicaBJ99
          |          |    |--P. crassicaulisM72
          |          |    |--P. hispidulaA78
          |          |    |--P. indicaP03
          |          |    |--P. kimberleyanaVT13
          |          |    `--P. lanceolataBJ99
          |          `--IxoraBJ99
          |               |--I. albaT-W89
          |               |--I. arboreaP03
          |               |--I. bifloraBJ99
          |               |--I. capillariesK03
          |               |--I. coccineaBJ99
          |               |--I. grandifoliaCMT07
          |               |--I. hookeriBJ99
          |               |--I. javanicaP88
          |               |--I. lobbiiP88
          |               |    |--I. l. var. lobbiiP88
          |               |    `--I. l. var. stenophyllaP88
          |               |--I. roseaT-W89
          |               `--I. undulataM72
          `--+--Crossopteryx febrifugaRB01
             |--Alberta magnaBJ99
             |--Enterospermum coriaceumB96
             `--+--Coffea [Coffeeae]B96
                |    |--C. arabicaBJ99
                |    |--C. canephoraP88
                |    |    |--C. c. var. canephoraBMM99
                |    |    `--C. c. var. robustaBMM99
                |    `--C. libericaP88
                `--GardenieaeB96

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A78] Ananthakrishnan, T. N. 1978. Thrips galls and gall thrips. Zoological Survey of India, Technical Monograph 1: 1–69, 26 pls.

[BMM99] Braun, U., J. Mouchacca & E. H. C. McKenzie. 1999. Cercosporoid hyphomycetes from New Caledonia and some other South Pacific islands. New Zealand Journal of Botany 37: 297–327.

[B96] Bremer, B. 1996. Combined and separate analyses of morphological and molecular data in the plant family Rubiaceae. Cladistics 12: 21–40.

[BJ99] Bremer, B., R. K. Jansen, B. Oxelman, M. Backlund, H. Lantz & K.-J. Kim. 1999. More characters or more taxa for a robust phylogeny—case study from the coffee family (Rubiaceae). Systematic Biology 48 (3): 413–435.

[BM00] Bremer, B., & J.-F. Manen. 2000. Phylogeny and classification of the subfamily Rubioideae (Rubiaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 225: 43–72.

[CMT07] Chakrabarty, T., V. Maina & M. Tigga. 2007. Some unrecorded medicinal plants of the Jarawa tribe of Andaman Islands. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 49: 233–234.

[HS14] Huisman, J. M., & A. Sampey. 2014. Kimberley marine biota. Historical data: marine plants. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 84: 45–67.

[K03] Kulip, J. 2003. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal and other useful plants of Muruts in Sabah, Malaysia. Telopea 10 (1): 81–98.

[M72] Mitra, S. N. 1972. Observations on the vegetation of the Upper Damodar catchment area. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 69 (1): 17–25.

[OV97] Ochoa, R., C. Vargas, D. E. Walter & B. M. OConnor. 1997. Two new species of the genus Ceratotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae). International Journal of Acarology 23 (3): 177–183.

[P03] Paul, T. K. 2003. Botanical observations on the Purulia pumped storage hydropower project area, Bagmundi Hills, Purulia district, West Bengal. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 45: 121–142.

[P88] Polunin, I. 1988. Plants and Flowers of Malaysia. Times Editions: Singapore.

[RB01] Razafimandimbison, S. G., & B. Bremer. 2001. Tribal delimitation of Naucleeae (Cinchonoideae, Rubiaceae): inference from molecular and morphological data. Systematics and Geography of Plants 71: 515–538.

[SWK87] Snyder, N. F. R., J. W. Wiley & C. B. Kepler. 1987. The Parrots of Luquillo: Natural history and conservation of the Puerto Rican parrot. Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology: Los Angeles.

[SK02] Struwe, L., J. W. Kadereit, J. Klackenberg, S. Nilsson, M. Thiv, K. B. von Hagen & V. A. Albert. 2002. Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Gentianaceae, including a new tribal and subtribal classification. In: Struwe, L., & V. A. Albert (eds) Gentianaceae: Systematics and Natural History pp. 21–309. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.

[T-W89] Tenison-Woods, J. E. 1889. On the vegetation of Malaysia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 4 (1): 9–106, pls 1–9.

[VT13] Vigilante, T., J. Toohey, A. Gorring, V. Blundell, T. Saunders, S. Mangolamara, K. George, J. Oobagooma, M. Waina, K. Morgan & K. Doohan. 2013. Island country: aboriginal connections, values and knowledge of the Western Australian Kimberley islands in the context of an island biological survey. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 145–182.