Microtus

Belongs within: Arvicolinae.
Contains: Microtus oeconomus, Microtus pennsylvanicus.

Microtus, the meadow voles, is a Holarctic genus of relatively unspecialised voles found living in grassy areas. Well-known species include the field vole Microtus agrestis, which is found across a large part of northern Eurasia. The long-tailed vole M. longicaudus is found in western North America, and lacks the hip glands found in other Microtus species.

<==Microtus [incl. Tyrrhenicola Major 1905]AC98
    |--+--M. clarkeiFS15
    |  `--+--+--M. oeconomusFS15
    |     |  `--+--M. kikuchiiFS15
    |     |     `--M. montebelliFS15
    |     `--+--M. sachalinensisFS15
    |        `--+--+--M. fortisFS15
    |           |  `--M. limnophilusFS15
    |           `--+--+--M. middendorffiiFS15
    |              |  `--M. mongolicusFS15
    |              `--+--M. maximowicziiFS15
    |                 `--+--M. mujanensisFS15
    |                    `--+--M. evoronensisFS15
    |                       `--M. nasaroviFS15
    `--+--M. agrestis (Linnaeus 1761)FS15, KJ08
       `--+--+--+--+--M. levisFS15
          |  |  |  `--+--M. transcaspicus Satunin 1905FS15, K92
          |  |  |     `--+--M. arvalis (Pallas 1778)FS15, KJ08
          |  |  |        `--M. ilaeusFS15
          |  |  `--+--M. schelkovnikoviFS15
          |  |     `--+--+--M. dogramaciiFS15
          |  |        |  `--M. guentheriFS15
          |  |        `--+--+--M. schidlovskiiFS15
          |  |           |  `--M. socialisFS15
          |  |           `--+--M. anatolicusFS15
          |  |              `--+--M. iraniFS15
          |  |                 `--M. paradoxusFS15
          |  `--+--+--M. majoriFS15
          |     |  `--+--M. daghestanicusFS15 [=Pitymys daghestanicusPZR76]
          |     |     `--M. subterraneusFS15 [=Pitymys subterraneusPZR76]
          |     `--+--+--M. thomasiFS15 [=Pitymys thomasiPZR76; incl. P. atticusPZR76]
          |        |  `--+--M. felteni (Malec & Storch 1963)FS15, PZR76 [=Pitymys savii felteniPZR76]
          |        |     `--M. henseli (Forsyth Major 1882)FS15, AC98 [=Arvicola henseliAC98, Tyrrhenicola henseliAC98]
          |        `--+--+--+--M. hyperboreusFS15
          |           |  |  `--M. tatricusFS15
          |           |  `--+--M. saviiFS15 [=Pitymys saviiPZR76]
          |           |     `--+--M. brachycercusFS15
          |           |        `--M. qazvinensisFS15
          |           `--+--+--M. gerbeiFS15
          |              |  `--+--M. duodecimcostatusFS15
          |              |     `--M. lusitanicusFS15
          |              `--+--M. multiplexFS15
          |                 `--+--M. bavaricus König 1962FS15, N10 [=Pitymys bavaricusBP87]
          |                    `--M. lichtensteiniFS15 [=Pitymys liechtensteiniPZR76]
          `--+--BlanfordimysFS15
             |    |--B. afghanusIT07
             |    `--B. bucharensisFS15
             `--+--+--M. cabreraeFS15
                |  `--M. richardsoniFS15 [=Arvicola richardsoniM87, M. (Aulacomys) richardsoniM87]
                `--+--+--M. xanthognathusFS15
                   |  `--+--+--M. longicaudusFS15
                   |     |  |    |--M. l. longicaudusA56
                   |     |  |    |--M. l. alticolus [=Arvicola alticolus]HC52
                   |     |  |    |--M. l. halli [incl. M. longicaudus angustus]HC52
                   |     |  |    |--M. ‘mordax’ macrurusH36
                   |     |  |    `--M. l. mordax (Merriam 1891) [=Arvicola (Mynomes) mordax]HC52
                   |     |  `--M. oregoniFS15 [=M. (Chilotus) oregoniM87, M. (Suranomys) oregoniM87]
                   |     `--+--+--M. canicaudusFS15 [=M. montanus canicaudusJ68]
                   |        |  `--M. townsendiiFS15
                   |        |       |--M. t. townsendiiH36
                   |        |       |--M. t. cummingi Hall 1936H36
                   |        |       `--M. t. tetramerusH36
                   |        `--+--M. montanusFS15
                   |           |    |--M. m. montanusA56
                   |           |    |--M. m. canescens [=M. nanus canescens]HC52
                   |           |    `--M. m. fususA56
                   |           `--+--M. breweriFS15
                   |              `--M. pennsylvanicusM87
                   `--+--+--M. ochrogaster (Wagner in Schreber 1842)FS15, B75 (see below for synonymy)
                      |  |    |--M. o. ochrogasterA56
                      |  |    |--M. o. haydeniA56
                      |  |    |--M. o. ilanensisMH03
                      |  |    |--M. o. ludovicianusBP87
                      |  |    `--M. o. minorB75
                      |  `--+--M. californicus (Peale 1848)FS15, K92
                      |     |    |--M. c. californicusBP87
                      |     |    `--M. c. scirpensisBP87
                      |     `--M. mexicanusFS15
                      |          |--M. m. mexicanusG69
                      |          `--M. m. fulviventerG69
                      `--+--M. chrotorrhinusFS15
                         `--+--+--M. umbrosusFS15 [=M. (Orthriomys) umbrosusG69]
                            |  `--+--M. abbreviatusFS15 [=M. miurus abbreviatusRR75]
                            |     `--M. miurus Osgood 1901FS15
                            |          |--M. m. miurusHC52
                            |          |--M. m. andersoni Rand 1945HC52
                            |          |--M. m. cantator Anderson 1947HC52
                            |          |--M. m. muriei Nelson 1931 [incl. M. (Stenocranius) miurus paneaki Rausch 1950]HC52
                            |          `--M. m. oreas Osgood 1907HC52
                            `--+--+--M. guatemalensisFS15
                               |  `--M. oaxacensisFS15
                               `--+--M. pinetorumFS15 [=M. (Pitymys) pinetorumM87]
                                  |    |--M. p. pinetorumB75
                                  |    |--M. p. nemoralis Bailey 1898B75 [=Pitymys pinetorum nemoralisHC52]
                                  |    |--‘Pitymys’ p. scalopsoides (Audubon & Bachman 1841) [=Arvicola scalopsoides]HC52
                                  |    `--‘Pitymys’ p. schmidtiHC52
                                  `--M. quasiaterFS15 [=M. (Pitymys) quasiaterG69]
Microtus incertae sedis:
  M. ireneIT07
  M. juldaschiIT07
  M. kermanensisIT07
  M. kirgisorumIT07
  M. leucurusIT07
  M. meadensisMH03
  M. melitensis (Bate 1920) [=Arvicola melitensis]AC98
  M. musignaniB-H00
    |--M. m. musignaniB-H00
    `--M. m. illyricus Barrett-Hamilton 1899B-H00
  M. nesophilusBP87
  M. obscurusIT07
  M. paroperariusMH03
  M. persicusB-H00
  M. pliocaenicus (Kormos 1933)MH03
  ‘Pitymys’ pyrenaicusPZR76
  M. rossiaemeridionalisIT07
  M. sikimensisIT07
  M. subterraneus (de Sélys-Longchamps 1836)KJ08

Microtus ochrogaster (Wagner in Schreber 1842)^{FS15, B75} [=Hypudaeus ochrogaster^B75, M. (Pedomys) ochrogaster^M87]

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[AC98] Alcover, J. A., X. Campillo, M. Macias & A. Sans. 1998. Mammal species of the world: additional data on insular mammals. American Museum Novitates 3248: 1–29.

[A56] Anderson, S. 1956. Subspeciation in the meadow mouse, Microtus pennsylvanicus, in Wyoming, Colorado, and adjacent areas. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History 9 (4): 85–104.

[B-H00] Barrett-Hamilton, G. E. H. 1900. Note on the common hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus, Linnaeus) and its subspecies or local variations. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 360–368.

[B75] Bowles, J. B. 1975. Distribution and biogeography of mammals of Iowa. Special Publications, The Museum, Texas Tech University 9: 1–184.

[BP87] Burton, J. A., & B. Pearson. 1987. Collins Guide to the Rare Mammals of the World. Collins: London.

[FS15] Faurby, S., & J.-C. Svenning. 2015. A species-level phylogeny of all extant and late Quaternary extinct mammals using a novel heuristic-hierarchical Bayesian approach. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 84: 14–26.

[G69] Goodwin, G. G. 1969. Mammals from the State of Oaxaca, Mexico, in the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 141 (1): 1–269, 40 pls.

[H36] Hall, E. R. 1936. A new meadow mouse from Bowen Island, British Columbia. The Murrelet 17: 15–16.

[HC52] Hall, E. R., & E. L. Cockrum. 1952. Comments on the taxonomy and geographic distribution of North American microtines. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History 5 (23): 293–312.

[IT07] Isaac, N. J. B., S. T. Turvey, B. Collen, C. Waterman & J. E. M. Baillie. 2007. Mammals on the EDGE: conservation priorities based on threat and phylogeny. PloS One 2 (3): e296.

[J68] Johnson, M. L. 1968. Application of blood protein electrophoretic studies to problems in mammalian taxonomy. Systematic Zoology 17 (1): 23–30.

[K92] Klompen, J. S. H. 1992. Phylogenetic relationships in the mite family Sarcoptidae (Acari: Astigmata). Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 180: i–vi, 1–154.

[KJ08] Krämer, M. & M. Jentzsch. 2008. Kleinsäuger-Vorkommen aus dem Raum Zeitz—eine vergleichende Studie. Mauritiana 20 (2): 411–427.

[MH03] Martin, R. A., R. T. Hurt, J. G. Honey & P. Peláez-Campomanes. 2003. Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene rodents fom the northern Borchers Badlands (Meade County, Kansas), with comments on the Blancan-Irvingtonian boundary in the Meade Basin. Journal of Paleontology 77 (5): 985–1001.

[M87] Modi, W. S. 1987. Phylogenetic analyses of chromosomal banding patterns among the Nearctic Arvicolidae (Mammalia: Rodentia). Systematic Zoology 36 (2): 109–136.

[N10] Naish, D. 2010. Tetrapod Zoology: Book One. CFZ Press: Bideford (UK).

[PZR76] Petrov, B., S. Živković & D. Rimsa. 1976. Über die Arteigenständigkeit der Kleinwühlmaus Pitymys felteni (Mammalia: Rodentia). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57 (1-3): 1-10.

[RR75] Rausch, R. L., & V. R. Rausch. 1975. Relationships of the red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rutilus (Pallas), in North America: karyotypes of the subspecies dawsoni and albiventer. Systematic Zoology 24 (2): 163–170.