Redlichiina

Paradoxides davidis, from here.

Belongs within: Trilobita.

The Redlichiina are a group of relatively plesiomorphic trilobites known from the Lower and Middle Cambrian (Harrington et al. 1959). Some members of this group grew very large; the Middle Cambrian North American species Paradoxides davidis was almost two feet long (Prothero 1998).

Characters (from Harrington et al. 1959): Dorsal exoskeleton elongate, subelliptical in outline. Cephalon semicircular to semielliptical, mostly with prominent genal spines; glabella with subparallel sides, narrowing fonvard, or expanding fonvard, generally well segmented; facial sutures opisthoparian; eyes mostly large, tending to be crescentic. Thorax with numerous segments. Pygidium small.

<==Redlichiina [Redlichiacea]
    |  i. s.: Eoredlichia intermedia (Lu 1940)FO99, CB04
    |--Emuellidae [Emuelloidea]RC93
    |    |--BalcoracaniaJB12
    |    `--EmuellaRC93
    |         |--E. dalgarnoi Pocock 1970RC93
    |         `--E. polymera Pocock 1970RC93
    |--ParadoxidoideaRC93
    |    |--Hicksia [Hicksiidae]RC93
    |    |--LermontoviidaeRC93
    |    |--Xystridura Whitehouse 1936K02 [XystriduridaeRC93]
    |    |    `--X. browni (Etheridge 1896) [=Olenellus browni]F71
    |    |--CentropleuridaeRC93
    |    |    |--CentropleuraP79
    |    |    `--ClarellaRC93
    |    `--ParadoxididaeRC93
    |         |--AnabaracepsRC93
    |         |--AnabaraspisRC93
    |         |--Acadoparadoxides mureroensis (Sdzuy 1958)CA06 [=Paradoxides mureroensisP79]
    |         `--ParadoxidesP98
    |              |--P. abenacusA38
    |              |--P. auroraRC93
    |              |--P. bennetti (Salter 1859) [=Eccaparadoxides bennetti]F05
    |              |--P. bohemicusH04
    |              |--P. davidisP98
    |              |--P. eteminicus [=Eccaparadoxides eteminicus]F05
    |              |--P. forchhammeri Angelin 1854RC93
    |              |--P. gracilisFO99
    |              |--P. groomiA38
    |              |--P. harlani (Green 1834) [=Hydrocephalus harlani]F05
    |              |--P. hicksiA38
    |              |--P. intermediusF05
    |              |--P. lamellatusA38
    |              |--P. matthewiA38
    |              |--P. mediterraneusSG93
    |              |--P. oelandicusRC93
    |              |--P. paradoxissimusP79
    |              |--P. pinus [=Plutonides pinus]F05
    |              `--P. spinosusT10
    `--RedlichoideaRC93
         |--NeoredlichiidaeRC93
         |--Mayiella [Mayiellidae]RC93
         |    `--M. tuberculata Chang 1966RC93
         |--Gigantopygous [Gigantopygidae]RC93
         |    `--G. papillatus Hupé 1953RC93
         |--Saukianda [Saukiandidae]RC93
         |    `--S. andalusiae Richter & Richter 1940RC93
         |--Kueichowia [Kueichowiidae]RC93
         |    `--K. liui Lu 1965RC93
         |--Menneraspis [Menneraspididae]RC93
         |    `--M. striatus Pokrovskaya 1959RC93
         |--Redlichina [Redlichinidae]RC93
         |    `--R. vologdiniRC93
         |--Yunnanocephalus [Yunnanocephalidae]RC93
         |    `--Y. yunnanensisC12
         |--YinitidaeRC93
         |    |--Yinites typicalis Lu 1975RC93
         |    |--Drepanuroides latilimbatus Chang 1966RC93
         |    `--DrepanopygeF90
         |--Metadoxididae [Anadoxididae]RC93
         |    |--Metadoxides torosusRC93
         |    `--Onaraspis somniurna Öpik 1967RC93
         |--ChengkouaspidaeRC93
         |    |--Pseudoresserops oculatus Repina 1965RC93
         |    `--Chengkouaspis longioculus Chang & Lin 1980RC93
         |--DolerolenidaeRC93
         |    |--Paramalungia lubricaRC93
         |    `--DolerolenusRC93
         |         |--D. (Malungia) laevigata Lu 1975RC93
         |         `--D. zoppiiRC93
         |--AbadiellidaeRC93
         |    |--Parabadiella huoiRC93
         |    |--Guangyuanaspis madaoyaensishRC93
         |    `--Abadiella Hupé 1953L95
         |         `--A. huoiSB09
         `--RedlichiidaeRC93
              |--Wutingaspis tingi Kobayashi 1935RC93
              `--RedlichiaZS01
                   |  i. s.: R. idoneaO68
                   |         R. longtangensisF90
                   |         R. nobilis Walcott 1913RC93
                   |         R. takooensisZS01
                   |         R. venulosaO68
                   |         R. yichangensisF90
                   `--R. (Pteroredlichia)F90
                        |--R. (P.) chinensisF90
                        `--R. (P.) murakamiiF90

*Type species of generic name indicated

References

[A38] Alcock, F. J. 1938. Geology of Saint John region, New Brunswick. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 216: 1–65.

[C12] Chen, J.-Y. 2012. Evolutionary scenario of the early history of the animal kingdom: evidence from Precambrian (Ediacaran) Weng’an and Early Cambrian Maotianshan biotas, China. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 239–379. Springer.

[CA06] Clausen, S., & J. J. Álvaro. 2006. Skeletonized microfossils from the Lower–Middle Cambrian transition of the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Spain. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (2): 223–238.

[CB04] Cotton, T. J., & S. J. Braddy. 2004. The phylogeny of arachnomorph arthropods and the origin of the Chelicerata. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 94: 169–193.

[F71] Fletcher, H. O. 1971. Catalogue of type specimens of fossils in the Australian Museum, Sydney. Australian Museum Memoir 13: 1–167.

[F05] Fletcher, T. P. 2005. Holaspid variation in the solenopleurid trilobite Parasolenopleura gregaria (Billings, 1865) from the Cambrian of Newfoundland. Palaeontology 48 (5): 1075–1089.

[F90] Fortey, R. A. 1990. Ontogeny, hypostome attachment and trilobite classification. Palaeontology 33 (3): 529–576.

[FO99] Fortey, R. A., & R. M. Owens. 1999. Feeding habits in trilobites. Palaeontology 42 (3): 429–465.

[H04] Haeckel, E. 1899–1904. Kunstformen der Natur. Bibliographisches Institut: Leipzig und Wien.

Harrington, H. J., G. Henningsmoen, B. F. Howell, V. Jaanusson, C. Lochman-Balk, R. C. Moore, C. Poulsen, F. Rasetti, E. Richter, R. Richter, H. Schmidt, K. Sdzuy, W. Struve, C. J. Stubblefield, R. Tripp, J. M. Weller & H. B. Whittington. 1959. Trilobita. In: R. C. Moore (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt O. Arthropoda 1 pp. O38–O540. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.

[JB12] Johnson, M. E., & B. G. Baarli. 2012. Development of intertidal biotas through Phanerozoic time. In: Talent, J. A. (ed.) Earth and Life: Global biodiversity, extinction intervals and biogeographic perturbations through time pp. 63–128. Springer.

[K02] Kruse, P. D. 2002. Biostratigraphic potential of Middle Cambrian hyoliths from the eastern Georgina Basin. Alcheringa 26: 353–398.

[L95] Landing, E. 1995. Upper Placentian–Branchian series of mainland Nova Scotia (middle–upper Lower Cambrian): faunas, paleoenvironments, and stratigraphic revision. Journal of Paleontology 69 (3): 475–495.

[O68] Öpik, A. A. 1968. Ordian (Cambrian) Crustacea Bradoriida of Australia. Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of National Development, Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology and Geophysics, Bulletin 103: 1–45.

[P79] Palmer, A. R. 1979. Cambrian. In: Robison, R. A., & C. Teichert (eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology pt A. Introduction. Fossilisation (Taphonomy), Biogeography and Biostratigraphy pp. A119–A135. The Geological Society of America, Inc.: Boulder (Colorado), and The University of Kansas: Lawrence (Kansas).

[P98] Prothero, D. R. 1998. Bringing Fossils to Life: An introduction to paleobiology. WCB McGraw-Hill: Boston.

[RC93] Romano, M., W. T. Chang, W. T. Dean, G. D. Edgecombe, R. A. Fortey, D. J. Holloway, P. D. Lane, A. W. Owen, R. M. Owens, A. R. Palmer, A. W. A. Rushton, J. H. Shergold, D. J. Siveter & M. A. Whyte. 1993. Arthropoda (Trilobita). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 279–296. Chapman & Hall: London.

[SG93] Simms, M. J., A. S. Gale, P. Gilliland, E. P. F. Rose & G. D. Sevastopulo. 1993. Echinodermata. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 491–528. Chapman & Hall: London.

[SB09] Skovsted, C. B., U. Balthasar, G. A. Brock & J. R. Paterson. 2009. The tommotiid Camenella reticulosa from the early Cambrian of South Australia: morphology, scleritome reconstruction, and phylogeny. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 54 (3): 525–540.

[T10] Taylor, T. G. 1910. The Archaeocyathinae from the Cambrian of South Australia with an account of the morphology and affinities of the whole class. Memoirs of the Royal Society of South Australia 2 (2): 55–188.

[ZS01] Zhang, X., D. Shu, Y. Li & J. Han. 2001. New sites of Chenjiang fossils: crucial windows on the Cambrian explosion. Journal of the Geological Society 158: 211–218.

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