Belongs within: Cimicomorpha.
Contains: Tribelocephalini, Ploeariodes, Rasahus, Sirthenea.
The Reduviidae, assassin bugs, are a diverse group of predatory bugs, generally with a robust beak that is usually permanently curved and held well-separated from the head. They mostly attack other insects except for the Triatominae which feed on the blood of mammals and birds. Most reduviids are fairly robust bugs but members of the subfamily Emesinae are slender, long-legged forms with raptorial forelegs.
The largest subfamily is the Harpactorinae, members of which are usually diurnal and associated with plants; they are characterised by a long ‘neck’ and a transverse sulcus across the head between the eyes and ocelli (Carver et al. 1991). The Phymatinae, sometimes treated as a separate family, are tropical bugs with four-segmented antennae, the terminal segment being the largest and clavate or fusiform in shape, and two-segmented mid- and hind tarsi (Richards & Davies 1977). The Tribelocephalinae are densely pubescent reduviids that lack ocelli. Ocelli are also absent in the subfamilies Visayanocorinae and Saicinae which are only minutely pubescent. The Visayanocorinae bear a large, flattened, acute projection on the inner surface of the apex of the fore tibia (Carver et al. 1991). Members of the Reduviinae and Peiratinae have relatively robust fore legs with a pilose, spongy pad (the fossula spongiosa) on the tibia (Carver et al. 1991).
Reduviidae
|--PhysoderinaeCGW91
|--VisayanocorinaeCGW91
|--Daraxa [Ectrichodiinae]MC96b
| `--D. (Daraxa) crena Maldonado Capriles 1996MC96b
|--Tegea [Tegeinae]CGW91
| `--T. atropictaCGW91
|--Salyavata [Salyavatinae]MC96b
| `--S. cornutaMC96b
|--SaicinaeCGW91
| |--Polytoxus jourdani (Montr. 1864)CGW91, D14 [=Leptomera jourdaniD14]
| `--MicropolytoxusCGW91
|--Homalocoris [Hammacerinae]MC96b
| |--H. binotatusMC96b
| |--H. maculicollisMC96b
| `--H. nermini Maldonado Capriles 1996MC96b
|--HoloptilinaeCGW91
| |--Aradellus distinctusCGW91, G75
| |--Ptilocnemus femoralisCGW91, C91
| |--Ptilocerus ochraceusCGW91, GE05
| |--AradelloidesCGW91
| `--Proptilocerus dolosus Wasmann 1933P92
|--Phymatinae [Phymatidae]GE05
| |--Carcinocoris castetsiRD77, R13
| `--PhymataM73
| |--P. americanaM73
| |--P. crassipesH01 [=Acanthia crassipesL02]
| |--P. erosaG20
| `--P. pennsylvanicaRD77
|--Reduviinae [Acanthaspidinae]CGW91
| |--Horcinia gigasG75
| |--AcanthaspisRD77
| `--ReduviusG89
| |--R. annulatusR26
| |--R. dorycus Boisduval 1835B35
| |--R. montanusR26
| |--R. personatusL02
| |--R. tabidusG89
| `--R. tuberculatusB35
|--StenopodainaeCGW91
| |--Sastrapada armata Montr. 1864CGW91, D14
| |--Pygolampis foeda Stal 1874CGW91, K08
| |--ThodelmusCGW91
| |--CentrogonusCGW91
| `--OncocephalusCGW91
| |--O. angulatusK08
| |--O. confususCGW91
| |--O. pacificus Kirkaldy 1908K08
| `--O. velutinus (Montr. 1864) [=Sastrapoda velutina]D14
|--TribelocephalinaeMC96a
| |--TribelocephaliniMC96a
| |--Xenocaucus China & Usinger 1949 [Xenocaucini]MC96a
| | `--X. mancini China & Usinger 1949MC96a
| `--OpistoplatyiniMC96a
| |--Centrogastrocoris Miller 1958 [=Centrogastocoris]MC96a
| |--Opistoplatys Westwood 1834 [incl. Decius Stål 1859, Pangeranga Distant 1906]MC96a
| | `--O. australasiaeG75
| |--Distantus Villiers 1943MC96a
| | `--D. oculatusMC96a
| `--Plectophorocoris Miller 1958MC96a
| `--P. gracilisMC96a
|--TriatominaeCGW91
| |--Cavernicola Barber 1937B37a
| | `--*C. pilosa Barber 1937B37a
| |--Paratriatoma Barber 1938B38
| | `--*P. hirsuta Barber 1938B38
| |--RhodniusRD77
| | |--R. pallescensA71
| | `--R. prolixusA71
| `--TriatomaCGW91
| |--T. dimidiataA71
| |--T. gerstaeckeriB37b
| |--T. infestansA71
| |--T. leopoldiCGW91
| |--T. longipes Barber 1937B37b
| |--T. rubrofasciatum (De Geer 1783) [=Cimex rubrofasciatus]G76
| |--T. sanguisugaA71
| `--T. sordidaL81
|--Emesinae [Ploeariinae]CGW91
| |--Emesa barbara Lucas 1847E12
| |--PseudobargyliaCGW91
| |--PutoniB27
| |--BargyliaCGW91
| |--PloeariodesB27
| |--AlumedaP92
| |--MalacopusP92
| |--Phantasmatophanes Kirkaldy 1908K08
| | `--*P. muiri Kirkaldy 1908K08
| |--EmpicorisCGW91
| | |--E. armatusM57
| | `--E. rubromaculatusCGW91
| |--StenolemusCGW91
| | |--S. bituberusG75
| | `--S. edwardsiG75
| |--GardenaD14
| | |--G. bicolorK08
| | |--G. canalana Distant 1914D14
| | `--G. pacifica Kirkaldy 1908K08
| `--PloiariaCGW91
| |--P. abruptaB27
| |--P. antipodum Bergroth 1927B27
| |--P. huttoniB27
| |--P. reginaCGW91
| |--P. tipularia (Linnaeus 1758)L02, L58 [=Cimex (Linearis) tipulariusL02, L58]
| `--P. vagabondaR26 [=Gerris vagabundaL02]
|--HarpactorinaeGE05
| |--Orgetorixa saevaG75
| |--Austrarcesius bicolorG75
| |--Leana australisCGW91
| |--HelonotusCGW91
| |--Gminatus nigroscutellatusCGW91
| |--Havinthus rufovariusCGW91
| |--DicrotelusCGW91
| |--VeledellaWEE70
| |--CatasphactesWEE70
| |--Euagoras bispinosusWEE70
| |--Austrocoranus mundusWEE70
| |--EndochusG75
| | |--E. cengalensisR13
| | `--E. cinctipesG75
| |--PristhesancusCGW91
| | |--P. papuensisM70
| | `--P. plagipennisCGW91
| |--DicranucorisWEE70
| | |--D. canberraeWEE70
| | `--D. tasmaniaeWEE70
| |--HarpactorH01
| | |--H. affinis Lucas 1847E12
| | |--H. annulatusH01
| | `--H. costalisRD77
| `--CoranusCGW91
| |--C. aridellusMC13
| |--C. contrariusH01
| |--C. granosusMC13
| |--C. hammarstroemiiH01
| `--C. subapterusRD77
`--PeiratinaeCGW91
|--RasahusS18
|--Sinnamarynus rasahusoides Maldonado & Bérenger 1996S18
|--SirtheneaS18
|--Thymbreus crocinopterus Stål 1862S18
|--Froeschnerisca Coscarón 1996S18
| `--F. vittata (Coscarón 1983)S18
|--MelanolestesS18
| |--M. argentinus Berg 1879S18
| `--M. morio (Erichson 1848)S18
|--PhorastesS18
| |--P. femoratus (DeGeer 1773)S18
| `--P. incognitus van Doesburg 1981S18
|--EctomocorisCGW91
| |--E. decoratusC91
| |--E. ornatusC91
| `--E. truculentusG75
|--Tydides Stål 1866S18
| |--T. digramma (Walker 1873) (see below for synonymy)S18
| |--T. imitator Lent 1955S18
| |--T. obscurus Lent 1955S18
| |--T. quatuor Lent & Jurberg 1967S18
| `--T. rufus (Audinet-Serville 1831)S18
`--Peirates Serville 1831 [incl. Spilodermus Stål 1868]C96
| i. s.: P. crassifemurG75
| P. rufipennis Lucas 1847E12
| P. sepulchralisG75
|--*P. stridulus [=Reduvius stridulus]C96
|--P. collartiC96
|--P. lepturoidesC96
`--P. quadrinotatus groupC96
|--P. argenteopilosus Schouteden 1931 [=Pirates (Spilodermus) argenteopilosus]C96
`--P. quadrinotatus (Fabricius 1796) (see below for synonymy)C96
Reduviidae incertae sedis:
Panstrongylus megistus [=Triatoma megistus]A71
AgriosphodrusYS01
Zelurus travassoiCM07
Apiomerus falviventrisI92
Rhinocoris iracundusCGW91, R13
Gonteosphodrus bicolorR78
Polididus armatissimusK08
Tunes saucius Stal 1866K08
Alloeocranum biannulipesK08
LutevaK08
|--L. circe Kirkaldy 1908K08
`--L. concolorK08
Liaoxia longa Hong 1987RJ93
EdoclaRD77
ParedoclaRD77
RhaphidosomaRD77
Arilus cristatusRD77
LimacisP92
PlatymerisP92
AplomerusE66
ZelusE66
|--Z. dorycus Boisduval 1835B35
`--Z. longipesG20
Pasira basiptera Stål 1859 [incl. Pirates dimidiatus Walker 1873]S18
Peirates quadrinotatus (Fabricius 1796) [=Reduvius quadrinotatus, Pirates (*Spilodermus) quadrinotatus; incl. Pi. arcuatus Stål 1870, Pi. (Spilodermus) arcuatus, Peirates biguttatus Dohrn 1860, Pi. patricius Miller 1948, Pe. patricius, Pi. picturatus Miller 1948, Pe. picturatus]C96
Tydides digramma (Walker 1873) [=Pirates digramma, Rasahus digramma; incl. P. dimidiatus Walker 1873: 102 non Walker 1873: 96]S18
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
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