Belongs within: Acanthomorphata.
Contains: Callionymoidei, Dactylopteriformes, Aulostomoidea, Macrorhamphosoidea, Scombridae, Bramidae, Trichiuridae, Centrolophidae, Stromateidae.
The Scombrimorpharia are a diverse clade of fishes supported by molecular data. They unite two morphologically disparate groupings, the largely reef-dwelling Syngnathiformes and the pelagic Scombriformes (Betancur-R et al. 2013).
ScombrimorphariaB-RB13
|--Syngnathiformes [Syngnathoidea, Syngnathoidei]ND13
| | i. s.: Aulorhamphus bolcensis (Steindachner 1863)P93
| | Pseudosyngnathus opisthopterus (Agassiz 1833)P93
| |--+--CallionymoideiND13
| | `--+--Eurypegasus draconisND13
| | `--DactylopteriformesND13
| `--+--AulostomoideaP93
| `--+--Gasterorhamphosus zuppichinii Sorbini 1981NE12, P93
| `--MacrorhamphosoideaND13
`--Scombriformes [Scombroidei, Stromateoidei, Trichiuroidei]ND13
| i. s.: Amarsipus [Amarsipidae]B96
| `--A. carlsbergiB96
| Parastromateus [Parastromatidae]G75
| `--P. nigerG75
| TetragonurusK-M02b [incl. CtenodaxM86; TetragonuridaeK-M02b, Tetragonuroidei]
| |--T. atlanticusK-M02b
| |--T. cuvieriB96
| |--T. pacificus Abe 1953M58
| `--‘Ctenodax’ wilkinsoniM86
| ScombrolabraxB96 [ScombrolabracidaeB-RB13, Scombrolabracoidei]
| `--S. heterolepisB96
| ScombropsK-M02a [incl. TelescopiasR13; ScombropidaeB-RB13]
| Palimphyes [Euzaphlegidae, Zaphlegidae]P93
| `--P. palaeocenicus Danil’chenko 1968P93
| ArripisHu01 [ArripidaeP93]
| |--A. georgianus (Valenciennes 1831)Hu01
| `--A. trutta (Forster in Bloch & Schneider 1801)Hu01
| Acanthocybium [Acanthocybiidae, Acanthocybiini]M58
| `--A. solandri (Cuvier 1831) [=Cybium solandri]M58
|--ScombridaeND13
`--+--+--Icosteus [Icosteidae, Icosteoidei]ND13
| | `--I. aenigmaticusND13
| `--+--+--GempylidaeC02
| | | |--RexeaC02
| | | |--Nealotus tripesBCP11
| | | |--Ruvettus pretiosus Cocco 1830ND13, C02
| | | |--Lepidocybium flavobrunneumB96
| | | |--Thyrsites atunB96, Ha01
| | | |--Gempylus serpens Cuvier 1829M58
| | | |--Promethichthys prometheus (Cuvier 1831) [=Gempylus prometheus]M58
| | | `--EutrichiuridesP93
| | | |--E. africanus Dartevelle & Casier 1949P93
| | | `--E. orpiensis (Leriche 1906)P93
| | `--+--ChiasmodontidaeLM13
| | | |--Chiasmodon nigerND13, C66 [=Chiasmodus nigerC66]
| | | |--PseudoscopelusLM13
| | | | |--P. altipinnisLM13
| | | | `--P. grossheimi (Danil’chenko 1960)P93
| | | `--KaliLD09
| | | |--K. kerbertiND13
| | | `--K. macrura (Parr 1933)LD09
| | `--+--+--Paradiplospinus gracilisND13
| | | `--BramidaeND13
| | `--+--Assurger anzacND13
| | `--TrichiuridaeND13
| `--+--Caristiidae [Exelliidae, Semiophoridae]ND13
| | |--Platyberyx opalescens Zugmayer 1911P01
| | |--Caristius macropus (Bellotti 1903)P01
| | `--Eoluvarus bondei Sahni & Choudhary 1977P93
| `--+--CentrolophidaeND13
| `--PomatomidaeP93
| |--Pomatomus saltatrix (Linné 1766)ND13, K-M02a [=Temnodon saltatorR13, S45]
| |--Lophar miocenicus Jordan & Gilbert 1919P93
| |--Pseudoseriola gillilandi David 1943P93
| |--Lednevia oligocenica (Smirnov 1936)P93
| `--CarangopsisP93
| |--C. brevis (de Blainville 1818)P93
| `--C. dorsalis Agassiz 1844P93
`--+--StromateidaeND13
`--+--AriommaK-M02c [AriommatidaeB-RB13]
| `--A. bondi Fowler 1930 [incl. Cubiceps nigriargenteus Ginsburg 1954]K-M02c
`--NomeidaeK-M02b
|--Nomeus gronoviiB96
|--Psenicubiceps alatus Danil’chenko 1980P93
|--PsenesM58
| |--P. cyanophrys Valenciennes 1833M58
| `--P. maculatusND13
`--Cubiceps Lowe 1843ND13, L43
|--C. baxteriND13
|--C. capensisK-M02b
`--C. gracilis (Lowe 1843)LD09 [=Seriola gracilisL43]*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[BCP11] Bannikov, A. F., G. Carnevale & N. V. Parin. 2011. The new family Caucasichthyidae (Pisces, Perciformes) from the Eocene of the North Caucasus. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 2011 (1): 75–81 (transl. Paleontological Journal 45 (1): 83–89).
[B-RB13] Betancur-R., R., R. E. Broughton, E. O. Wiley, K. Carpenter, A. López, C. Li, N. I. Holcroft, D. Arcila, M. Sanciangco, J. C. Cureton, II, F. Zhang, T. Buser, M. A. Campbell, J. A. Ballesteros, A. Roa-Varon, S. Willis, W. C. Borden, T. Rowley, P. C. Reneau, D. J. Hough, G. Lu, T. Grande, G. Arratia & G. Ortí. 2013. The tree of life and a new classification of bony fishes. PLoS Currents Tree of Life April 18 2013. doi: 10.1371/currents.tol.53ba26640df0ccaee75bb165c8c26288.
[B96] Bond, C. E. 1996. Biology of Fishes 2nd ed. Saunders College Publishing: Fort Worth.
[C66] Carte, A. 1866. Notes on the genus Chiasmodon. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866: 35–38.
[C02] Collette, B. B. 2002. Snake mackerels. Family Gempylidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 507–508. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[G75] Grant, E. M. 1975. Guide to Fishes. The Co-ordinator-General’s Department: Brisbane (Australia).
[Ha01] Harcourt, R. G. 2001. Advances in New Zealand mammalogy 1990–2000: pinnipeds. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 31 (1): 135–160.
[Hu01] Hutchins, J. B. 2001. Arripidae. Australian salmons. In: Carpenter, K. E., & V. H. Niem (eds) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) pp. 3304. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome.
[K-M02a] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002b. Bluefish. Family Pomatomidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 400–406. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[K-M02b] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002b. Medusafishes. Family Centrolophidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 536–539. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[K-M02c] Klein-MacPhee, G. 2002c. Ragfishes. Family Ariommatidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 539–540. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[LM13] Lautredou, A.-C., H. Motomura, C. Gallut, C. Ozouf-Costaz, C. Cruaud, G. Lecointre & A. Dettai. 2013. New nuclear markers and exploration of the relationships among Serraniformes (Acanthomorpha, Teleostei): the importance of working at multiple scales. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 67: 140–155.
[LD09] Li, B., A. Dettaï, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux, M. Desoutter-Meniger & G. Lecointre. 2009. RNF213, a new nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50: 345–363.
[L43] Lowe, R. T. 1843. On the fishes of Madeira. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 11: 81–95.
[M86] Macleay, W. 1886. Note on Ctenodax wilkinsoni, Macl. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 1 (2): 511–512.
[M58] Munro, I. S. R. 1958. The fishes of the New Guinea region: a check-list of the fishes of New Guinea incorporating records of species collected by the Fisheries Survey Vessel “Fairwind” during the years 1948 to 1950. Papua and New Guinea Agricultural Journal 10 (4): 97–369 (reprinted: 1958. Territory of Papua and New Guinea Fisheries Bulletin no. 1).
[ND13] Near, T. J., A. Dornburg, R. I. Eytan, B. P. Keck, W. L. Smith, K. L. Kuhn, J. A. Moore, S. A. Price, F. T. Burbrink, M. Friedman & P. C. Wainwright. 2013. Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 110 (31): 12738–12743.
[NE12] Near, T. J., R. I. Eytan, A. Dornburg, K. L. Kuhn, J. A. Moore, M. P. Davis, P. C. Wainwright, M. Friedman & W. L. Smith. 2012. Resolution of ray-finned fish phylogeny and timing of diversification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 109 (34): 13698–13703.
[P93] Patterson, C. 1993. Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 621–656. Chapman & Hall: London.
[P01] Paxton, J. R. 2001. Caristiidae. Manefishes. In: Carpenter, K. E., & V. H. Niem (eds) FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific vol. 5. Bony fishes part 3 (Menidae to Pomacentridae) pp. 2837. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome.
[R13] Regan, C. T. 1913. The classification of the percoid fishes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, 12: 111–145.
[S45] Sandars, D. F. 1945. Five new microcotylids from fish from Western Australian waters. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 29: 107–135.