Belongs within: Tenebrionidae.
Contains: Strongylium, Hypaulax, Omolipus, Apterotheca, Promethis.
The Stenochiinae are a group of often metallic-coloured darkling beetles that are most diverse in tropical regions. Members of the subfamily possess large defensive gland reservoirs that drain through a single duct. Larvae develop in decaying wood (Matthews & Bouchard 2008).
Within the stenochiines, the Stenochiini may be distinguished from the Cnodalonini by their longer, more slender antennae, larger eyes and exposed clypeolabral membrane (Matthews & Bouchard 2008).
Characters (from Matthews & Bouchard 2008): Labrum transverse, tormae with mesal extremities not or only slightly expanded, epitorma present, setal pattern symmetrical. Eye reniform. Antennae with scattered complex stellate sensoria on last 5–7 segments. Mandibular mola with fine striations. Corpotentorium present, more or less flat, sometimes sinuate. Procoxal cavities internally closed. Mesocoxal cavities closed in part by mesepimera. Elytral striae nine plus scutellary striole, sometimes effaced. Wing with large radial cell, long RP, diffuse apical flecks, often no medial fleck, with vein CuA1 usually anastomosed with MP3+4 for greater or lesser distance producing characteristic X configuration, apical field about one-quarter of wing length, wings sometimes absent. Legs not fossorial. Claws simple. Metendosternite without laminae. Dorsal edge of last abdominal ventrite with angular inner edge, or simply rounded. Defensive reservoirs usually transversely annulated by thickening of cuticle, with ample common volume, not eversible, glands draining by a single or more ducts. Ovipositor nearly always greatly modified, with coxite lobe 1 elongate and its baculus longitudinal, paraproct baculi transverse and often articulating at their outer extremities with ends of additional sclerites which articulate in turn with proctigeral baculi. Female tract often without primary bursa, although secondary bursa occasionally present, with long filamentous accessory gland apically expanded into spherical or fusiform spermatheca, without vaginal sclerites. Aedeagus with tegmen usually dorsal or lateral (rotated 60° to 90°), with median lobe adnate to tegmen, with well-developed alae formed as extensions of apical piece.
<==Stenochiinae [Coelometopinae] |--Talanus Jacquelin DuVal 1856 [incl. Dignamptus LeConte 1878; Dignamptini, Talanini]AT02 | |--T. guadeloupensis Fleutiaux & Sallé 1890FS90 | |--T. langurinusAT02 | `--T. subexaratusFS90 |--Stenochiini [Strongyliini]B14 | |--StrongyliumB14 | |--CuphotesB14 | `--Eutherama Carter 1914MB08 | |--*E. cyaneum Carter 1914MB08 | `--E. coeruleum Carter 1939MB08 `--Cnodalonini [Coelometopini]B14 |--Xylopinus LeConte 1862 [incl. Taenobates Motschulsky 1872]AT02 |--CoelometopusB14 |--HypaulaxMB08 |--OmolipusMB08 |--ApterothecaMB08 |--PromethisMB08 |--Apsida Lacordaire 1859AT02 |--Cibdelis Mannerheim 1843AT02 |--Iphthiminus Spilman 1973 [incl. Iphthimus Truqui 1857]AT02 |--Polopinus Casey 1924AT02 |--Polypleurus Eschscholtz 1831AT02 |--Coelocnemis Mannerheim 1843AT02 | `--C. magnaAT02 |--Oenopion Champion 1885AT02 | `--O. zopheroides (Horn 1874)AT02 |--Neotheca Carter 1930MB08 | `--*N. fusca Carter 1930MB08 |--Oectosis Pascoe 1869MB08 | `--*O. cylindrica (Germar 1848) [=Upis cylindrica; incl. Menephilus longicollis Carter 1920]MB08 |--Espites Pascoe 1882MB08 | `--*E. basalis Pascoe 1882 [incl. Eucyrtus aurobasalis Fairmaire 1893]MB08 |--Alobates Motschulsky 1872AT02 | `--A. pennsylvanicaAT02 |--Glyptotus LeConte 1858AT02 | `--G. cribratus LeConte 1858AT02 |--Haplandrus LeConte 1862AT02 | `--H. fulvipesAT02 |--Merinus LeConte 1866AT02 | `--M. laevis (Olivier 1795)AT02 |--Cnodalon Latreille 1802L02 | |--*C. amethystinumL02 | `--C. viride [=Bolitophagus (Cnodalon) viridis]G20 |--Upis Fabricius 1792AT02 | |--U. ceramboides (Linnaeus 1758)B14 | `--U. lottinii Dupont in Boisduval 1835B35 |--Hydissus Pascoe 1869 [=Hydisus Gemminger & Harold 1870]MB08 | |--*H. feronioides (Pascoe 1866) [=Nyctobates feronioides]MB08 | `--H. vulgaris (Olliff 1889) [=Meneristes vulgaris]MB08 |--Metisopus Bates 1873MB08 | |--*M. purpureipennis Bates 1873MB08 | `--M. curtulus (Olliff 1889) [=Meneristes curtulus, Hydissus curtulus]MB08 |--Cuemus Bouchard 2000MB08 | |--*C. monteithi Bouchard 2000MB08 | `--C. cooki Bouchard 2000MB08 |--Campolene Pascoe 1863MB08 | |--*C. nitida Pascoe 1863MB08 | |--C. cyanea Carter 1927MB08 | `--C. nitidior Carter 1937MB08 |--Bradymerus Perroud 1864 [incl. Isostira Pascoe 1870]MB08 | |--*B. tuberculatus Perroud 1864MB08 | |--B. crenatus (Pascoe 1870) [=*Isostira crenata; incl. B. granaticollis Fairmaire 1883]MB08 | |--B. raucipennis (Blackburn 1892) [=Isostira raucipennis; incl. B. seriatus Gebien 1920]MB08 | `--B. seminitidus Arrow 1900JG19 |--Kaszaba Matthews & Doyen 1989MB08 | |--*K. corvina (Erichson 1842) [=Tenebrio corvinus; incl. T. cyanipennis Hope 1843]MB08 | |--K. coerulescens (Haag-Rutenberg 1878) [=Menephilus coerulescens]MB08 | |--K. laeta (Carter 1914) [=Menephilus laetus]MB08 | `--K. pulchra (Carter 1924) [=Menephilus pulcher]MB08 |--Chariotheca Pascoe 1860 [=Chariothes Carter 1914, Charitotheca Agassiz 1846 (n. n.)]MB08 | |--*C. coruscans Pascoe 1860MB08 | |--C. planicollis (Fairmaire 1849) (see below for synonymy)MB08 | |--C. striatopunctata (Macleay 1887) (see below for synonymy)MB08 | `--C. subviolacea (Carter 1914) [=Chariothes subviolacea]MB08 |--Androsus Gebien 1920MB08 | |--*A. violaceus (Pascoe 1887) [=Chariotheca violacea]MB08 | |--A. brevis (Carter 1914) [=Menephilus brevis]MB08 | |--A. hackeri Carter 1933MB08 | |--A. varipennis (Carter 1925) [=Chariothes varipennis]MB08 | `--A. wasselli Carter 1932MB08 |--Scotoderus Perroud 1864 [incl. Dechius Pascoe 1866, Gonespites Gebien 1920, Pelecypalpus Hinton 1947]MB08 | |--*S. cancellatus (Montrouzier 1860) (see below for synonymy)MB08 | |--‘*Pelecypalpus’ medon Hinton 1947MB08 | |--S. scissicollis (Bates 1868) [=Dechius scissicollis]MB08 | |--‘*Gonespites’ subcrenatus Gebien 1920MB08 | `--S. torridus (Carter 1911) (see below for synonymy)MB08 |--Zophophilus Fairmaire 1881 [incl. Sphenothorax Gebien 1906, Teremenes Carter 1914]MB08 | |--*Z. curticornis Fairmaire 1881 [incl. Meneristes dentipes Carter 1914, Z. raptor Gebien 1920]MB08 | |--Z. lobatus (Carter 1928) [=Meneristes lobatus]MB08 | |--Z. longipennis (Hope 1843) [=Tenebrio longipennis]MB08 | |--Z. nigerrimus (Boisduval 1835) (see below for synonymy)MB08 | |--‘Tenebrio’ nitidulus Fabricius 1801 [=*Sphenothorax nitidulus]MB08 | |--Z. quadratus (Carter 1928) [=Meneristes quadratus]MB08 | `--Z. socius (Carter 1914) [=Teremenes socius]MB08 |--Tetragonomenes Chevrolat 1878 [=Tetragonomecus Rye 1880; incl. Obriomaia Gebien 1927]MB08 | |--*T. semiviridis Chevrolat 1878MB08 | |--T. aeneus (Carter 1905) [=Menephilus aeneus]MB08 | |--T. azuripennis (Carter 1914) [=Menephilus azuripennis]MB08 | |--T. intercoxalis (Kulzer 1951) [=Obriomaia intercoxalis]MB08 | |--T. ocularis (Kulzer 1951) [=Obriomaia ocularis]MB08 | |--T. ruficornis (Champion 1894) (see below for synonymy)MB08 | `--‘Eucyrtus’ subcostatus Fairmaire 1893 [=*Obriomaia subcostata]MB08 `--Derosphaerus Thomson 1858MB08 |--*D. globicollis Thomson 1858MB08 |--D. atroviridis (Macleay 1887) [=Cholipus atroviridis]MB08 |--D. bornemisszai Kaszab 1987MB08 |--D. excisipes (Carter 1914) [=Encyalesthus excisipes]MB08 |--D. lawrencei Kaszab 1987MB08 |--D. matthewsi Kaszab 1987MB08 |--D. punctipennis (Pascoe 1866)MB08 [=Cholipus punctipennisMB08, Encyalesthus punctipennisM86] `--D. trochantericus Kaszab 1987MB08 Stenochiinae incertae sedis: Polposipus herculeanus Solier 1848B14 TaraxidesMB08 MenephilusAT02 |--M. colydioides Erichs. 1842M86 |--M. convexiusculus Hope 1842M86 |--M. corvinus Erichs. 1842M86 |--M. cyanipennis Hope 1842M86 |--M. humilis Erichs. 1842M86 |--M. lonipennis Hope 1842M86 `--M. nigerrimus [incl. M. australis]M86
Chariotheca planicollis (Fairmaire 1849) [=Thesilea planicollis; incl. Augolesthus australasiae Motschulsky 1872, Chariotheca cupripennis Pascoe 1860, Thesilea impressicollis Fairmaire 1879, Olisthaena oblonga Blanchard 1853]MB08
Chariotheca striatopunctata (Macleay 1887) [=Decialma striatopunctata; incl. Chariothes doddi Carter 1924, D. viridipennis Macleay 1887]MB08
*Scotoderus cancellatus (Montrouzier 1860) [=Tenebrio (Iphthinus) cancellatus; incl. *Dechius aphodioides Pascoe 1866]MB08
Scotoderus torridus (Carter 1911) [=Alphitobius torridus, Pseuduloma torrida, Ulomimus torridus; incl. Scotoderus ulomoides Kaszab 1973]MB08
Tetragonomenes ruficornis (Champion 1894) [=Menephilus ruficornis; incl. M. insularis Lea 1908, Daedrosis rufipes Carter 1934]MB08
Zophophilus nigerrimus (Boisduval 1835) [=Tenebrio nigerrimus; incl. T. convexiusculus Hope 1843, Meneristes servulus Pascoe 1869]MB08
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[AT02] Aalbu, R. L., C. A. Triplehorn, J. M. Campbell, K. W. Brown, R. E. Somerby & D. B. Thomas. 2002. Tenebrionidae Latreille 1802. In: Arnett, R. H., Jr, M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley & J. H. Frank (eds) American Beetles vol. 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea pp. 463–509. CRC Press.
[B35] Boisduval, J. B. 1835. Voyage de Découvertes de l’Astrolabe. Exécuté par ordre du Roi, pendant les années 1826–1827–1828–1829, sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont d’Urville. Faune entomologique de l’océan Pacifique, avec l’illustration des insectes nouveaux recueillis pendant le voyage vol. 2. Coléoptères et autres ordres. J. Tastu: Paris.
[B14] Bouchard, P. (ed.) 2014. The Book of Beetles: A lifesize guide to six hundred of nature’s gems. Ivy Press: Lewes (United Kingdom).
[FS90] Fleutiaux, E., & A. Sallé. 1890. Liste des coléoptères de la Guadeloupe et descriptions d’espèces nouvelles. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 6e série 9: 351–484.
[G20] Goldfuss, G. A. 1820. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte vol. 3. Handbuch der Zoologie pt 1. Johann Leonhard Schrag: Nürnberg.
[JG19] James, D. J., P. T. Green, W. F. Humphreys & J. C. Z. Woinarski. 2019. Endemic species of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Records of the Western Australian Museum 34 (2): 55–114.
[L02] Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire Naturelle, générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes vol. 3. Familles naturelles des genres. F. Dufart: Paris.
[M86] Masters, G. 1886. Catalogue of the described Coleoptera of Australia. Part IV. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, series 2, 1 (2): 259–380.
[MB08] Matthews, E. G., & P. Bouchard. 2008. Tenebrionid Beetles of Australia: Descriptions of tribes, keys to genera, catalogue of species. Australian Biological Resources Study: Canberra.