Belongs within: Cimicomorpha.
Contains: Cantacaderinae, Tinginae.
The Tingoidea are a group of mostly plant-feeding bugs that lack trichobothria on the head. The costal fracture on the wings is reduced, tarsi are two-segmented and spermatheca are non-functional (Shcherbakov & Popov 2002). The greater number of species belong to the Tingidae, lace bugs, which are characterised by an often ornate lace-like ornamentation of the thorax and wings. The Thaumastocoridae are a group of small, flattened bugs with a relictual distribution in India, Australia and the Americas, characterised by an apical process on the tibiae that is almost as long as the small, slender tarsi (Carver et al. 1991). Joppeicus paradoxus is a small bug found in Asia Minor that preys on other insects on Ficus and usually carries its rostrum directed anteriorly (Richards & Davies 1977).
<==Tingoidea | i. s.: Ignotingis Zhang, Golub et al. 2005 [Ignotingidae]ZG05 | `--*I. mirifica Zhang, Golub et al. 2005ZG05 |--JoppeicusRD77 [JoppeicidaeSP02] | `--J. paradoxusRD77 |--Thaumastocoridae [Thaumastocoroidea, Thaumastotheriidae]SP02 | | i. s.: Onymocoris hackeriWEE70 | |--Thaicoris Kormilev 1969 [Thaicorinae]ZG05 | |--XylastodorinaeCGW91 | | |--Discocoris Kormilev 1955ZG05 | | |--Proxylastodoris Heiss & Popov 2002ZG05 | | `--Xylastodoris luteolusRD77 | `--ThaumastocorinaeCGW91 | |--ThaumastocorisG75 | | |--T. australicusG75 | | `--T. hackeriWEE70 | `--BaclozygumCGW91 | |--B. brevipilosumWEE70 | `--B. depressumCGW91 `--+--AnommatocorisRD77 [VianaididaeG75] | `--A. coleoptrata [=Vianaida coleoptrata]RD77 `--TingidaeG75 | i. s.: Tanybyrsa cumberi Drake 1959H82 | Stephanitis Stål 1873ZG05 | |--S. pyriRD77 | |--S. pyrioidesCGW91 | |--S. queenslandensisCGW91 | `--S. rhododendriCGW91 | CorythuchaTW05 | VianagrammaGE05 | Golmonia Popov 1989GE05, ZG05 [Golmoniini] | Acalypta marcophthalmaH01 | MonanthiaK08 | |--M. echii [incl. M. wolfii]H01 | `--M. natalensis (Stal 1855) [=Physatocheila natalensis]K08 | Teleonemia scrupulosaCGW91 | Nethersia maculosaG75 | Bunotingis camelinusG75 | Froggattia Horvarth 1902CGW91, B88 | `--F. oliviniaCGW91 | Holophygdon Kirkaldy 1908K08 | `--*H. melanesica Kirkaldy 1908K08 | Gargaphia solaniK08, BR07 | Nesocypselas Kirkaldy 1908K08 | `--*N. dicysta Kirkaldy 1908K08 | DerephysiaK08 | Nesocysta Kirkaldy 1908K08 | `--*N. rugata Kirkaldy 1908K08 | EotingisP92 |--CantacaderinaeML12 |--TinginaeM09 `--Serenthia [Serenthiinae]D55 |--S. angolana Drake 1955D55 |--S. femoralisH01 `--S. longa Drake 1954D55
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B88] Bouček, Z. 1988. Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera): A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).
[BR07] Buzatto, B. A., G. S. Requena, E. G. Martins & G. Machado. 2007. Effects of maternal care on the lifetime reproductive success of females in a Neotropical harvestman. Journal of Animal Ecology 76 (5): 937–945.
[CGW91] Carver, M., G. F. Gross & T. E. Woodward. 1991. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, cicadas, aphids, scale insects etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers 2nd ed. vol. 1 pp. 429–509. Melbourne University Press: Carlton (Victoria).
[D55] Drake, C. J. 1955. Angolan Tingidae (Hemiptera). Diamang Publicações Culturais 27: 83–90.
[GE05] Grimaldi, D., & M. S. Engel. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press: New York.
[G75] Gross, G. F. 1975. Plant-feeding and Other Bugs (Hemiptera) of South Australia. Heteroptera—Part I. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia.
[H82] Helmore, D. W. 1982. Drawings of New Zealand insects. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of New Zealand 8: 1–52.
[H01] Horváth, G. 1901. Hemipterák [Hemiptera]. In: Horváth, G. (ed.) Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazása [Dritte Asiatische Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] vol. 2. Zichy Jenő Gróf Harmadik Ázsiai Utazásának Állattani Eredményei [Zoologische Ergebnisse der Dritten Asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy] pp. 245–274. Victor Hornyánszky: Budapest, and Karl W. Hierseman: Leipzig.
[K08] Kirkaldy, G. W. 1908. A catalogue of the Hemiptera of Fiji. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 345–391, pl. 4.
[M09] Moir, M. L. 2009. Two new species of the lacebug genus Radinacantha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 25 (3): 269–275.
[ML12] Moir, M. L., & B. Lis. 2012. Description of three new species of Ceratocader (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 27 (2): 148–155.
[P92] Poinar, G. O., Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford University Press: Stanford.
[RD77] Richards, O. W., & R. G. Davies. 1977. Imms’ General Textbook of Entomology 10th ed. vol. 2. Classification and Biology. Chapman and Hall: London.
[SP02] Shcherbakov, D. E., & Yu. A. Popov. 2002. Superorder Cimicidea Laicharting, 1781: Order Hemiptera Linné, 1758. The bugs, cicadas, plantlice, scale insects, etc. [=Cimicida Laicharting, 1781, =Homoptera Leach, 1815+Heteroptera Latreille, 1810). In: Rasnitsyn, A. P., & D. L. J. Quicke (eds) History of Insects pp. 143–157. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht.
[TW05] Terry, M. D., & M. F. Whiting. 2005. Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects. Cladistics 21: 240–257.
[WEE70] Woodward, T. E., J. W. Evans & V. F. Eastop. 1970. Hemiptera (bugs, leafhoppers, etc.) In: CSIRO. The Insects of Australia: A textbook for students and research workers pp. 387–457. Melbourne University Press.
[ZG05] Zhang, J., V. B. Golub, Y. A. Popov & D. E. Shcherbakov. 2005. Ignotingidae fam. nov. (Insecta: Heteroptera: Tingoidea), the earliest lace bugs from the Upper Mesozoic of eastern China. Cretaceous Research 26: 783–792.