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Belongs within: Laniatores.
Contains: Cladonychiidae, Metanonychus.
The Travunioidea are a group of Holarctic laniatorean harvestmen characterised by male genitalia in which the expansive muscles tend to be restricted to the base of the truncus, often associated with a simplification of the glans (Derkarabetian et al. 2018).
Travunioidea [Travunoidea]
|–Travuniidae [Travuniinae] DS18
| |–Dinaria Roewer 1935 KM07
| | `–*D. vjetrenicae (Hadži 1932) [=Travunia vjetrenicae] KM07
| |–Trojanella Karaman 2005 DS18
| | `–T. serbica Karaman 2005 KMS14
| `–Travunia Absolon 1920 [=Absolonia Roewer 1915 non Börner 1901, Abasola Strand 1928] KM07
| |–T. troglodytes (Roewer 1915) KMS14 (see below for synonymy)
| |–T. borisi (Hadži 1973) KMS14 [=Abasola borisi K07]
| |–T. hofferi (Šilhavý 1937) KMS14 [=Abasola hofferi KM07]
| `–T. jandai Kratochvíl 1937 KMS14
`–+–Yuria Suzuki 1964 DS18, KM07
| `–Y. pulcra Suzuki 1964 KMS14
| |–Y. p. pulcra KMS14
| `–Y. p. briggsi Suzuki 1975 KMS14
|–Cladonychiidae DS18
`–+–Cryptomastridae DS18
| |–Cryptomaster Briggs 1969 UD05
| | |–*C. leviathan Briggs 1969 K03
| | `–C. behemoth Starrett & Derkarabetian 2016 DS18
| `–Speleomaster Briggs 1974 DS18
| |–*S. lexi Briggs 1974 K03
| `–S. pecki Briggs 1974 KMS14
`–Paranonychidae (see below for synonymy) DS18
|–Paranonychus Briggs 1971 DS18, K03
| |–*P. brunneus (Banks 1893) K03 (see below for synonymy)
| |–P. concolor Briggs 1971 K03
| `–P. fuscus (Suzuki 1976) [=Mutsunonychus fuscus] DS18
`–+–+–Metanonychus DS18
| `–Sclerobunus Banks 1893 DS18, K03 (see below for synonymy)
| | i. s.: S. jemez Derkarabetian & Hedin 2014 KMS14
| |–+–S. idahoensis Briggs 1971 [=S. robustus idahoensis] DH14
| | `–S. nondimorphicus Briggs 1971 DH14
| `–+–+–S. cavicolens (Banks 1905) (see below for synonymy) DH14
| | `–+–S. madhousensis (Briggs 1971) (see below for synonymy) DH14
| | `–S. ungulatus (Briggs 1971) [=Cyptobunus ungulatus] DH14
| `–+–+–S. speoventus Derkarabetian & Hedin 2014 DH14
| | `–S. steinmanni Derkarabetian & Hedin 2014 DH14
| `–+–*S. robustus (Packard 1877) (see below for synonymy) DH14
| `–+–S. skywalkeri Derkarabetian & Hedin 2014 DH14
| `–+–S. glorietus Briggs 1971 [=S. robustus glorietus] DH14
| `–S. klomax Derkarabetian & Hedin 2014 DH14
`–+–+–Kaolinonychus Suzuki 1975 DS18, S75
| | `–*K. coreanus (Suzuki 1966) [=Peltonychia coreana] S75
| | |–K. c. coreanus S75
| | `–K. c. longipes (Suzuki 1966) [=Peltonychia coreana longipes] S75
| `–Metanippononychus Suzuki 1975 DS18, S75
| | i. s.: M. daisenensis Suzuki 1975 S75
| | M. iyanus Suzuki 1975 S75
| |–M. iriei Suzuki 1975 DS18, S75
| | |–M. i. iriei S75
| | `–M. i. yakuensis Suzuki 1975 S75
| `–+–*M. tomishimai Suzuki 1975 S75, DS18, S75
| | |–M. t. tomishimai S75
| | `–M. t. awanus Suzuki 1975 S75
| `–Nippononychus Suzuki 1975 DS18, S75
| `–*N. japonicus (Miyoshi 1957) S75, KMS14 [=Peltonychia japonica S75]
`–+–Zuma Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 DS18, K03
| |–*Z. acuta Goodnight & Goodnight 1942 [=Z. acuba (l. c.)] K03
| `–Z. tioga Briggs 1971 K03
`–+–Kainonychus Suzuki 1975 DS18, S75
| `–*K. akamai (Suzuki 1972) [=Peltonychia akamai] S75
| |–K. a. akamai S75
| `–K. a. esoensis Suzuki 1975 S75
`–Izunonychus Suzuki 1975 DS18, S75
`–*I. ohruii Suzuki 1975 S75
Paranonychidae [Kaolinonychinae, Nippononychidae, Nippononychinae, Paranonychinae, Paranychinae, Sclerobunidae, Sclerobuninae] DS18
*Paranonychus brunneus (Banks 1893) K03 [=Sclerobunus brunneus K03; incl. S. parvus Roewer 1931 BH09]
Sclerobunus Banks 1893 DS18, K03 [incl. Cyptobunus Banks 1905 K03, Cryptobunus (l. c.) non Lawrence 1931 K03]
Sclerobunus cavicolens (Banks 1905) [=*Cyptobunus cavicolus, Cyp. cavicolens, Cytobunus (l. c.) cavicolens] DH14
Sclerobunus madhousensis (Briggs 1971) [=Cyptobunus ungulatus madhousensis, Cryptobunus (l. c.) ungulatus madhousensis, Cytobunus (l. c.) ungulatus madhousensis] DH14
*Sclerobunus robustus (Packard 1877) [=Scotolemon robustum, Phalangodes robusta, P. robustus] DH14
Travunia troglodytes (Roewer 1915) KMS14 [=*Absolonia troglodytes KM07, *Abasola troglodytes KM07, Scotolemon anophthalmum Absolon 1916 (n. n.) KM07, *Travunia anophthalma Absolon 1920 KM07]
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[BH09] Bragg, P. D., & R. G. Holmberg. 2009. The harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) of British Columbia. J. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia 106: 29–37.
[DH14] Derkarabetian, S., & M. Hedin. 2014. Integrative taxonomy and species delimitation in harvestmen: a revision of the western North American genus Sclerobunus (Opiliones: Laniatores: Travunioidea). PLoS One 9 (8): e104982.
[DS18] Derkarabetian, S., J. Starrett, N. Tsurusaki, D. Ubick, S. Castillo & M. Hedin. 2018. A stable phylogenomic classification of Travunioidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores) based on sequence capture of ultraconserved elements. ZooKeys 760: 1–36.
[K03] Kury, A. B. 2003. Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, volumen especial monográfico 1: 1–337.
[K07] Kury, A. B. 2007. Travuniidae Absolon and Kratochvíl, 1932. In: Pinto-da-Rocha, R., G. Machado & G. Giribet (eds) Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones pp. 237–239. Harvard University Press: Cambridge (Massachusetts).
[KM07] Kury, A. B., & A. C. Mendes. 2007. Taxonomic status of the European genera of Travuniidae (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). Munis Entomology & Zoology 2 (1): 1–14.
[KMS14] Kury, A. B., A. C. Mendes & D. R. Souza. 2014. World checklist of Opiliones species (Arachnida). Part 1: Laniatores—Travunioidea and Triaenonychoidea. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e4094.
[S75] Suzuki, S. 1975. The harvestmen of family Triaenonychidae in Japan and Korea (Travunoidea, Opiliones, Arachnida). Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University, Series B, Division 1 (Zoology) 26: 65–101.
[UD05] Ubick, D., & J. A. Dunlop. 2005. On the placement of the Baltic amber harvestman Gonyleptes nemastomoides Koch & Berendt, 1854, with notes on the phylogeny of Cladonychiidae (Opiliones, Laniatores, Travunioidea). Mitteilungen Museum für Naturkunde, Geowissenschaftlichen Reihe 8: 75–82.