Belongs within: Cottioidei.
The Zoarcoidei are marine fishes with usually elongate, more or less compressed bodies, long dorsal and anal fins, and a single nostril on each side (Bond 1996).
Zoarcoidei [Bathymasteridae, Zoarcales]
| i. s.: OpaeophacusB96
| Gymnelis viridisB96
| PtilichthyidaeB96
| ScytalinidaeB96
| Araeosteus [Zaproridae]P93
| `--A. rothi Jordan & Gilbert 1920P93
|--Rathbunella hypoplectaND13
`--+--Bathymaster signatusND13
`--+--StichaeidaeND13
| |--Ulvaria subbifurcata (Storer 1839)C02a
| |--Cebidichthys violaceusND13
| |--Ascoldia agnevica Grechina 1980P93
| |--Ernogrammus litoralis Grechina 1980P93
| |--XiphisterCC98
| | |--X. atropurpureusB96
| | `--X. mucosusCC98
| |--StichaeusC02a
| | |--S. grigorieviSSE10
| | |--S. nozawaeSSE10
| | `--S. punctatus (Fabricius 1780)C02a
| |--AnoplarchusYS83
| | |--A. insignisYS83
| | `--A. purpurescens [incl. A. purpurescens archolepis]YS83
| `--LumpenusC02a
| |--L. lumpretaeformis (Walbaum 1792)C02a
| | |--L. l. lumpretaeformisC02a
| | |--L. l. americanusC02a
| | `--L. l. terraenovaeC02a
| |--L. maculatus (Fries 1837) [=Leptoclinus maculatus]C02a
| `--L. sagittaSSE10
`--+--+--Pholis Gronovius in Scopoli 1787B77 [PholidaeND13]
| | |--P. crassispinaND13
| | |--P. gunnellus (Linnaeus 1758)C02b
| | `--P. ornatusND13
| `--CryptacanthodidaeP93
| |--Lyconectes aleutensis Gilbert 1895P93
| `--CryptacanthodesND13
| |--C. giganteusB96
| `--C. maculatus Storer 1839C02c
`--+--AnarhichadidaeND13
| |--Anarrhichthys ocellatusB96
| `--Anarhichas Linnaeus 1758L58
| |--*A. lupus Linnaeus 1758L58
| |--A. denticulatusR02
| |--A. minor Ólafsen 1772R02
| `--A. pantherinusD56
`--ZoarcidaeND13
|--Lycodonus mirabilis Goode & Bean 1879K-MC02
|--Austrolycus depressiceps Regan 1913LD09
|--Allolepis hollandiND13
|--Pachycara brachycephalumLM13
|--Bothrocara hollandiS10
|--Lycodopsis pacifica (Collett 1879)P93
|--LycodapusLM13
| |--L. antarcticus Tomo 1982LD09
| `--L. pachysomaLM13
|--MelanostigmaK-MC02
| |--M. atlanticum Koefoed 1952K-MC02
| `--M. pammelasB96
|--LycenchelysK-MC02
| |--L. paxillus (Goode & Bean 1879)K-MC02
| `--L. verrillii (Goode & Bean 1877)K-MC02
|--Zoarces [incl. Macrozoarces]K-MC02
| |--Z. anguillarisD56
| |--Z. americanus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) [=Macrozoarces americanus]K-MC02
| `--Z. viviparusL70
`--LycodesK-MC02
|--L. atlanticus Jensen 1904K-MC02
|--L. diapterusND13
|--L. endopleurostictusL70
|--L. esmarkii Collett 1875K-MC02
|--L. lavalaei Vladykov & Tremblay 1936K-MC02
|--L. muraenaS00
|--L. reticulatus Reinhardt 1835K-MC02 (see below for synonymy)
|--L. sarsiiS00
|--L. tanakaeS10
|--L. terraenovaeND13
|--L. uschakoviS10
`--L. vahlii Reinhardt 1831K-MC02 [incl. L. gracilisS00]
Lycodes reticulatus Reinhardt 1835K-MC02 [incl. L. frigidusS00, L. pallidusS00, L. perspicillumS00, L. rossiS00]
*Type species of generic name indicated
References
[B77] Bath, H. 1977. Revision der Blenniini (Pisces: Blenniidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 57 (4–6): 167–234.
[B96] Bond, C. E. 1996. Biology of Fishes 2nd ed. Saunders College Publishing: Fort Worth.
[CC98] Choat, J. H., & K. D. Clements. 1998. Vertebrate herbivores in marine and terrestrial environments: a nutritional ecology perspective. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29: 375–403.
[C02a] Collette, B. B. 2002a. Pricklebacks. Family Stichaeidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 474–481. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[C02b] Collette, B. B. 2002b. Gunnels. Family Pholidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 481–483. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[C02c] Collette, B. B. 2002c. Wrymouths. Family Cryptacanthodidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 483–485. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[D56] Dawes, B. 1956. The Trematoda with special reference to British and other European forms. University Press: Cambridge.
[K-MC02] Klein-MacPhee, G., & B. B. Collette. 2002. Eelpouts. Family Zoarcidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 466–474. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[L70] Land, J. van der. 1970. Systematics, zoogeography, and ecology of the Priapulida. Zoologische Verhandelingen 112: 1–118.
[LM13] Lautredou, A.-C., H. Motomura, C. Gallut, C. Ozouf-Costaz, C. Cruaud, G. Lecointre & A. Dettai. 2013. New nuclear markers and exploration of the relationships among Serraniformes (Acanthomorpha, Teleostei): the importance of working at multiple scales. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 67: 140–155.
[LD09] Li, B., A. Dettaï, C. Cruaud, A. Couloux, M. Desoutter-Meniger & G. Lecointre. 2009. RNF213, a new nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50: 345–363.
[L58] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae.
[ND13] Near, T. J., A. Dornburg, R. I. Eytan, B. P. Keck, W. L. Smith, K. L. Kuhn, J. A. Moore, S. A. Price, F. T. Burbrink, M. Friedman & P. C. Wainwright. 2013. Phylogeny and tempo of diversification in the superradiation of spiny-rayed fishes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 110 (31): 12738–12743.
[P93] Patterson, C. 1993. Osteichthyes: Teleostei. In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 621–656. Chapman & Hall: London.
[R02] Rountree, R. A. 2002. Wolffishes. Family Anarhichadidae. In: Collette, B. B., & G. Klein-MacPhee (eds) Bigelow and Schroeder’s Fishes of the Gulf of Maine 3rd ed. pp. 485–496. Smithsonian Institute Press: Washington.
[S10] Saveliev, P. A. 2010. The deep-water fish fauna of the Sea of Japan: connection with its environmental conditions and origin. In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of “Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean”, 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 135–140. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
[S00] Smitt, F. A. 1900. On the genus Lycodes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 7, 5: 56–58.
[SSE10] Sokolovskaya, T. G., A. S. Sokolovsky & I. V. Epur. 2010. Composition and seasonal variability of ichthyoplankton collected using fishing lights in Vostok Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan). In: China-Russia Bilateral Symposium: Proceedings of the China-Russia Bilateral Symposium of “Comparison on Marine Biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean”, 10–11 October 2010, Qingdao (China) pp. 182–186. Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
[YS83] Yoshiyama, R. M., & C. Sassaman. 1983. Morphological and allozymic variation in the stichaeid fish Anoplarchus purpurescens. Systematic Zoology 32 (1): 52–71.